Filed 2026-03-26 · Period ending 2025-12-31 · 78,018 words · SEC EDGAR
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# ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC. (ORMP) — 10-K **Filed:** 2026-03-26 **Period ending:** 2025-12-31 **Accession:** 0001213900-26-034835 **Source:** [SEC EDGAR](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1176309/000121390026034835/) **Origin leaf:** e7fb5614268a0e272250124d12ab27303de9042d577e24e89383f1b696aa5919 **Words:** 78,018 --- ** UNITED STATES** **SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION** **WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549** **FORM 10-K** **ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934** **For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2025** or **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934** **Commission file number 001-35813** **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.** (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) | Delaware | | 98-0376008 | | | (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | | | | | | | | 1185 Avenue of the Americas, Third Floor, New York, NY | | 10036 | | | (Address of Principal Executive Offices) | | (Zip Code) | | **844-967-2633**(Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | Title of each class | | Trading symbol | | Name of each exchange on which registered | | | Common Stock, par value $0.012 | | ORMP | | Nasdaq Capital Market, Tel Aviv Stock Exchange | | Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: **None.** (Title of class) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, smaller reporting company and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. | Large accelerated filer | | Accelerated filer | | | | Non-accelerated filer | | Smaller reporting company | | | | | Emerging growth company | | | If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its managements assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrants executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to 240.10D-1(b). Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $77,659,391 based on a price of $2.25, being the last price at which the shares of the registrants common stock were sold on the Nasdaq Capital Market prior to the end of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter. As of March 26, 2026, the registrant had 40,446,179 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. **Documents Incorporated by Reference** None. **** **TABLE OF CONTENTS** | Introduction and Use of Certain Terms | | ii | | | Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | | ii | | | | | | | | PART I | | | | | | ITEM 1. BUSINESS | | 1 | | | | ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | | 15 | | | | ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS | | 35 | | | | ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY | | 35 | | | | ITEM 2. PROPERTIES | | 35 | | | | ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | | 35 | | | | ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | | 35 | | | | | | | | | PART II | | | | | | ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES | | 36 | | | | ITEM 6. [RESERVED] | | 38 | | | | ITEM 7. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | | 38 | | | | ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | | 48 | | | | ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | | 48 | | | | ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE | | 48 | | | | ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | | 48 | | | | ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION | | 49 | | | | ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS | | 49 | | | | | | | | | PART III | | | | | | ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | | 50 | | | | ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | | 59 | | | | ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | | 71 | | | | ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE | | 73 | | | | ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES | | 73 | | | | | | | | | PART IV | | | | | | ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES | | F-1 | | | | ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY | | 78 | | i **INTRODUCTION AND USE OF CERTAIN TERMS** As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms we, us, our, the Company, and Oramed mean Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated. All dollar amounts refer to U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. On December 31, 2025, the exchange rate between the New Israeli Shekel, or NIS, and the dollar, as quoted by the Bank of Israel, was NIS 3.19 to $1.00. Unless indicated otherwise by the context, statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that provide the dollar equivalent of NIS amounts or provide the NIS equivalent of dollar amounts are based on such exchange rate. **CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS** The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws and the Israeli securities law. Words such as expects, anticipates, intends, plans, planned expenditures, believes, seeks, estimates and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not deemed to represent an all-inclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements as denoted in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additionally, statements concerning future matters are forward-looking statements. We remind readers that forward-looking statements are merely predictions and therefore inherently subject to uncertainties and other factors and involve known and unknown risks that could cause the actual results, performance, levels of activity, or our achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance, levels of activity, or our achievements, or industry results, expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements appear in Item 1. Business and Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as well as elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and include, among other statements, statements regarding the following: | | | our plan to evaluate potential strategic opportunities; | | | | | | | | | | our potential repurchases of shares of our common stock; | | | | | our ability to recover the proceeds and/or collateral under the Tranche A Note and Tranche B Note(as defined herein) and related agreements from Scilex Holding Company, or Scilex; | | | | | the fluctuating market price and liquidity of the common stock of Scilex underlying the warrants we hold; | | | | | our loan agreements in real estate projects, including, but not limited agreements to finance a real estate project, or Profit Sharing Loan Agreement, expose us to potential market, liquidity, and execution risks; | | | | | our various real estate investments involve significant risks and might not provide long-term value appreciation and potential income streams that we expect to receive; as we continue to evaluate our business strategy, including potential structural changes, these investments are intended to enhance financial flexibility and maximize shareholder value. | | | | | our exposure to potential litigation; | | | | | our ability to enhance value for our stockholders; | | | | | the expected development and potential benefits from our products; | | | | | the prospects of entering into additional license agreements, or other partnerships or forms of cooperation with other companies or medical institutions; | | ii | | future milestones, conditions and royalties under our license agreements; | | | | | we may not realize a return on our investments in marketable securities that we own.; | | | | our ability to recover the value of our investment in Lifeward, including through the senior secured convertible notes, equity consideration, warrants, and revenue-sharing payments to be received in connection with the Lifeward transactions; | | | | the expected transfer and clinical development of our POD technology platform through OraTech Pharmaceuticals Ltd. following the closing of the Share Purchase Transaction | | | | | our research and development plans, including preclinical and clinical trials plans and the timing of enrollment, obtaining results and conclusion of trials; | | | | | our belief that our technology has the potential to deliver medications and vaccines orally that today can only be delivered via injection; | | | | | the competitive ability of our technology based on product efficacy, safety, patient convenience, reliability, value and patent position; | | | | | the potential market demand for our products; | | | | | our ability to obtain patent protection for our intellectual property; | | | | | our expectation that our research and development expenses will continue to be our major expenditure; | | | | | our expectations regarding our short- and long-term capital requirements; | | | | | our outlook for the coming months and future periods, including but not limited to our expectations regarding future revenue and expenses; and | | | | | information with respect to any other plans and strategies for our business. | | Although forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based on facts and factors known by us at the time of such statements. Consequently, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results and outcomes may differ materially from the results and outcomes discussed in or anticipated by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences in results and outcomes include, without limitation, those discussed herein, including those risks described in Item 1A. Risk Factors, and expressed from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. In addition, historic results of scientific research, clinical and preclinical trials do not guarantee that the conclusions of future research or trials would not suggest different conclusions. Also, historic results referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K could be interpreted differently in light of additional research, clinical and preclinical trials results. Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements in order to reflect any event or circumstance that may arise after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made throughout the entirety of this Annual Report on Form 10-K which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. **** iii **PART I** **ITEM 1. BUSINESS.** **Description of Business** We are a pharmaceutical company engaged in the research and development of innovative pharmaceutical solutions with a technology platform that allows for the oral delivery of therapeutic proteins. In addition, we allocate capital to strategic investments in healthcare and life sciences companies that we believe complement our long-term business objectives and technology focus. We have developed an oral dosage form intended to withstand the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and effectively deliver active insulin or other proteins. The formulation is not intended to modify the proteins chemically or biologically, and the dosage form is designed to be safe to ingest. We intend to initiate, in the second half of 2026, a 60-patient, US-based clinical trial designed to validate the robustness of our oral insulin formulation in defined patient population. The trial is designed to use the smallest adequately powered patient population expected to obtain such validation in what we believe to be the shortest time possible, providing a cost-effective approach to generate additional compelling evidence and refine our patient selection criteria for future potential regulatory submissions. The trial will be conducted by OraTech. For additional information, see note 21 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As part of our business strategy, we continuously review our existing pipeline and evaluate potential strategic opportunities to enhance stockholder value. Accordingly, in addition to our core pharmaceutical activities, we have made strategic investments in healthcare and life sciences companies and entered into other investment, financing, and real estate transactions, as further described below. **HTIT JV Agreement** On January 22, 2024, we along with our wholly-owned subsidiary Oramed Ltd., entered into a joint venture agreement, or the Initial JV Agreement, with Hefei Tianhui Biotech Co., Ltd. or HTIT, and its subsidiary Technowl Limited or HTIT Sub., to establish OraTech, or the JV. OraTech will focus on developing and commercializing products based on our oral insulin and POD technology, utilizing HTITs manufacturing capabilities. On February 7, 2025, we and HTIT entered into a Joint Venture Agreement or, the JV Agreement, amending the Initial JV Agreement, to advance the development and commercialization of oral insulin by combining our proprietary technology and funding with HTITs manufacturing capabilities. The initial closing did not occur due to HTIT failing to satisfy the closing conditions under the JV Agreement and the supplemental agreement. Accordingly, on October 23, 2025, we provided notice of termination of the JV Agreement and the supplemental agreement. 1 **Transactions with Scilex** On April 14, 2025, Scilex Holding Company (Scilex) effected a 1-for-35 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding common stock. The numbers below reflect the reverse split, except with respect to the Subsequent Penny Warrants that were outstanding as of the reverse stock split date, which were not adjustable under the reverse split pursuant to the terms of such warrants. *2023 Scilex Transaction* On September 21, 2023, we entered into and consummated a series of transactions, or the 2023 Scilex Transaction, with Scilex pursuant to which Scilex issued to us: | | a. | A senior secured promissory note, or the Tranche A Note, with a principal amount of $101,875,000, initially maturing on March 21, 2025 and bearing interest of SOFR plus 8.5%, payable in-kind. Scheduled principal payments were due quarterly from December 21, 2023, through December 21, 2024, with the remaining balance due on March 21, 2025. The maturity was subsequently extended to December 31, 2025, in exchange for 92,858 shares of Scilex common stock. An exit fee of approximately $3,056,000 became payable when the note was not repaid by March 21, 2024. Following the Option Agreement (as defined below), the maturity was subsequently extended to March 31, 2026. As of March 26, 2026, Scilex had repaid $69,200,000 of the amount due under the Tranche A Note and refinanced $25,000,000 as part of the 2024 Refinancing (as defined below). As a result, as of March 26, 2026 the outstanding principal balance of the Tranche A Note is $7,675,000 (approximately $27,884,000 including accrued interest and the exit fee), which is due by March 31, 2026. | | | | b. | Warrants to purchase up to 128,572 shares of Scilex common stock with an exercise price of $0.35 per share, or the Closing Penny Warrants, and additional warrants or, the Subsequent Penny Warrants, for 57,143 shares of Scilex common stock (after giving effect to the reverse stock split) and 6,500,000 shares of Scilex common stock (which such amount was not adjusted for the reverse stock split pursuant to the terms of such warrants), with an exercise price of $0.35 and $0.01 per share, respectively. During 2024, we exercised 128,572 Closing Penny Warrants and 57,143 Subsequent Penny Warrants. On July 22, 2025, we entered into an option agreement, or the Option Agreement, with Scilex, granting Scilex the right to repurchase our remaining 6,500,000 Subsequent Penny Warrants for an aggregate price of $27,000,000 plus a $1,500,000 fee. In two separate installments on September 30, 2025 and December 30, 2025, Scilex exercised its right under the Option Agreement and repurchased all warrants for total proceeds to us of $28,500,000 (including the option fee) by December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, we do not hold any Closing Penny Warrants or Subsequent Penny Warrants. | | | | c. | Transferred warrants to purchase 114,286 shares of Scilex common stock with an exercise price of $402.5 per share, fully exercisable and expiring on November 10, 2027 or, the Transferred Warrants. On September 20, 2024, we sold the Transferred Warrants for $300,000 (see below). As a result, as of December 31, 2025 we do not hold any Transferred Warrants. | | 2 *2024 Refinancing* On October 7, 2024, we and certain institutional investors, or the Note B Holders, entered into certain agreements with Scilex, pursuant to which the Note B Holders purchased in a registered offering, or the 2024 Refinancing, (i) a new tranche B of senior secured convertible notes of Scilex in the aggregate principal amount of $50,000,000, or the Tranche B Note, which Tranche B Note is convertible into shares of Scilex common stock and (ii) warrants, or the Tranche B Warrants, to purchase up to 214,286 shares of Scilex common stock with an exercise price of $36.40. We purchased 50% of the Tranche B Note and the Tranche B Warrants, equal to an aggregate principal amount of $25,000,000 under the Tranche B Note and 107,143 Tranche B Warrants. Scilex received from us, in consideration for our purchase of the Tranche B Note and the Tranche B Warrants issued to us, an exchange and reduction of the principal outstanding balance under the Tranche A Note of $22,500,000. As of March 26, 2026, Scilex has repaid $13,000,000 of the principal amount outstanding under the Tranche B Note, leaving a remaining principal balance of $12,000,000 with accrued interest of approximately $495,000. The Tranche B Note matures on October 8, 2026. *Royalty Purchase Agreement* In addition to the Tranche B Note, on October 8, 2024, we and certain institutional investors, or the RPA Purchasers, entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement, or the RPA, with Scilex and Scilex Pharmaceuticals Inc., or Scilex Pharma. Pursuant to the RPA, we acquired the right to receive 4% royalties on worldwide net sales of ZTLido, SP-103 and related products for 10 years, in exchange for a reduction of $2,500,000 in the principal balance under the Tranche A Note. In addition, Scilex used $12,500,000 of the net proceeds from the Tranche B Note for the repayment of the outstanding balance under the Tranche A Note. *ZTLido Rest of the World Binding Agreement* On October 8, 2024, we and certain other institutional investors and Scilex entered into a binding term sheet, or the ROW License Term Sheet, for a license and development agreement relating to ZTlido and lidocaine products outside the United States. To implement the atransaction contemplated by the ROW License Term Sheet, we and the other institutional investors agreed to operate through a joint venture, RoyaltyVest Ltd., or RoyaltyVest, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. On February 12, 2025, we were transferred 50% of the issued and outstanding shares of RoyaltyVest. On February 22, 2025, RoyaltyVest entered into a License Agreement with Scilex (the ZTLido License Agreement). Under the ZTLido License Agreement, RoyaltyVest acquired exclusive rights to develop, manufacture, and commercialize lidocaine-based products, including ZTLido (lidocaine topical system 1.8%) and SP-103 (the Product), outside the United States. As consideration for the rights provided under the ZTLido License Agreement, (a) RoyaltyVest agreed to invest (whether through cash consideration or in-kind payment through the provision of services) $200,000 per year toward expanding the Product, (b) Scilex granted RoyaltyVest a worldwide, exclusive right, license and interest to all products rights for the development, out-licensing, commercialization of any Product outside of the United States and other territories, other than certain excluded designated territories, and (c) each of RoyaltyVest and Scilex each receive 50% percent of the net revenue generated from the commercialization of the Produce outside of the United States. *Tranche B Note Consent* On January 2, 2025, we and other Tranche B Noteholders entered into deferral and consent agreements with Scilex or the Tranche B Note Consent, deferring Scilexs first amortization payment under the Tranche B Note to October 8, 2026. In consideration, we received approximately $877,000 ($500,000 of the principal amount and $376,903 accrued interest) and 71,249 shares of Scilex common stock. A part of the consideration for providing the Tranche B Note Consent, on February 28, 2025, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Scilex, Scilex Pharmaceuticals Inc. and certain other Note B Holders, pursuant to which, among other things, the applicable Note B Holders received a royalty in respect of 4% of worldwide net sales of Gloperba, Elyxyb, and related products, of which we are entitled to 50% of such royalty payments. Through RoyaltyVest, the Note B Holders, were provided the option to fund up to 50% of the cash purchase price for certain ex-US (and, as to Elyxyb, ex-Canada) product rights to Gloperba and Elyxyb and will receive proportional revenues from commercialization and licensing. As of March 31, 2025, RoyaltyVest exercised its option to Ex-U.S. product rights of Gloperba for $500,000. 3 *Tranche B Note Deferral and Warrant Agreement* In October 2025, the Company agreed to defer until December 31, 2025, the amortization payment due from Scilex on October 1, 2025, under the amortization schedule included in the Tranche B Notes. In consideration for such deferral, Scilex agreed to issue to us certain warrants to purchase shares of Scilexs common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. Such commitment as memorialized in a letter agreement entered into with Scilex on December 31, 2025. The deferred amortization payment was subsequently paid to us in November 2025. A warrant to purchase 100,000 shares of Scilex common stock at an exercise price of $20.00 per share, was issued to the Company pursuant to a Warrant Agreement entered by the Company and Scilex on February 19, 2026. *Scilex Warrant Agreement* In October 2025, we agreed to defer an amortization payment due from Scilex on October 1, 2025 under the amortization schedule included in the Tranche B Notes. The deferred amortization payment was subsequently paid to us in November 2025. In consideration for this deferral, Scilex agreed to issue to us warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of Scilexs common stock, par value $0.0001 per share with an exercise price of $20. The warrants were issued on February 19, 2026. For additional information regarding 2023 Scilex Transaction and 2024 Refinancing, see note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. **BioXcel** In order to diversify our investments as a part of our use of cash strategy, on March 4, 2025, RoyaltyVest, participated in a registered direct offering by BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: BTAI), or BioXcel, acquiring 188,383 shares of BioXcels common stock, 3,811,617 pre-funded warrants and accompanying warrants to purchase up to an additional 4,000,000 shares for a total consideration of $14,000,000. The warrants have an exercise price of $4.20 per share, are immediately exercisable, and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The pre-funded warrants have an exercise price of $0.001 per share, are immediately exercisable with no expiration date. BioXcel is a biopharmaceutical company leveraging artificial intelligence to develop innovative medicines in neuroscience and immuno-oncology. Its lead programs focus on treatments for agitation in neuropsychiatric disorders and other central nervous system conditions. As of December 31, 2025, RoyaltyVest has sold 4,000,000 shares and 2,600,000 warrants for $12,502,000. As of December 31, 2025, RoyaltyVest continues to hold 1,400,000 warrants and no longer holds any shares of BioXcel common stock. ** **Alpha Tau Transaction** On April 24, 2025, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Oramed Ltd entered into a share purchase agreement with Alpha Tau Medical Ltd. (Nasdaq: DRTS), or Alpha Tau, a clinical-stage oncology company developing a proprietary alpha-radiation cancer therapy platform known as Alpha DaRT. Pursuant to the agreement, Oramed Ltd. purchased 14,110,121 ordinary shares, no par value per share, of Alpha Tau in a registered direct offering at a price of $2.612 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $36,900,000. The closing of the transaction occurred on April 28, 2025. In connection with the investment, Oramed Ltd. has the right and have nominated two directors to Alpha Taus board of directors. In addition, since the share purchase agreement date and until December 31, 2025, we purchased an additional 359,214 shares of Alpha Tau for an aggregate amount of $1,255,781. As of December 31, 2025 and March 26, 2026, we hold an aggregate of 14,469,335 ordinary shares of Alpha Tau, representing approximately 17% of its outstanding share capital. Concurrently, we and Alpha Tau entered into a services agreement, or the Service Agreement, pursuant to which we will provide Alpha Tau with investor relations and public relations services. As consideration, Alpha Tau agreed to pay us a non-refundable fee of $3,000,000 over three years and to issue to us warrants to purchase up to 3,237,000 ordinary shares of Alpha Tau at exercise prices ranging from $3.474 to $3.90 per share. The term of the Services Agreement is three years, with limited termination rights. Alpha DaRT *Platform and Technology* Alpha Taus Alpha DaRT platform is designed to deliver highly localized alpha radiation through intratumoral insertion of radium-224 impregnated sources into solid tumors. When the radium decays, its short-lived daughters are released and disperse while emitting high-energy alpha particles aimed at destroying tumor cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. This approach potentially offers a novel treatment solution for patients with otherwise difficult-to-treat cancers where conventional external beam radiation may be limited. 4 *Clinical Development Progress* Alpha Tau is currently conducting an extensive clinical program with five concurrent FDA-approved trials in the United States, alongside additional trials in France, Italy, Israel, and planned studies in the UK: *U.S. Clinical Trials:* ** | | ReSTART Pivotal Trial (Recurrent SCC Treatment with Alpha DaRT Radiation Therapy): A multi-center pivotal study in patients with recurrent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), the second most common form of skin cancer. As of January 2026, Alpha Tau targeted completion of patient recruitment in Q1 2026 and has begun submitting modules of its Modular Pre-Market Approval (PMA) application to the FDA, with expected completion of the full submission by year-end 2026. | | | | IMPACT Study (Intratumoral Pancreatic Alpha Combination Trial): A multi-center pilot study in newly-diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients combining Alpha DaRT with chemotherapy. Alpha Tau reported encouraging data from its first-in-human pancreatic cancer studies in Canada and Israel, including positive results presented at the 2026 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Alpha Tau is targeting completion of patient accrual by the end of Q1 2026, with initial results expected by year-end 2026. | | | | GBM Feasibility Study: A study in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive malignant brain tumor. Alpha Tau announced treatment of its first patient at Ohio State University and expects initial results around the end of Q4 2026. | | | | Recurrent Prostate Cancer Pilot Study: A pilot study in patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer. | | | | Immunocompromised cSCC Study: A multi-center study in immunocompromised patients with cSCC. | | In addition, Alpha Tau is engaged in pre-clinical research partnerships with leading academic institutions including Mayo Clinic, McGill University, Emory University, and MD Anderson Cancer Center, exploring combinations with immunotherapy. Alpha Tau has also reported encouraging interim data from a clinical study in Israel examining the combination of Alpha DaRT with checkpoint inhibitor therapeutics for patients with locally advanced or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and is exploring the possibility of conducting a sixth U.S. trial in this indication. *Regulatory and Commercial Progress* ** In addition to the ongoing FDA engagement for its U.S. clinical programs, Alpha Tau has reported that it is anticipating a response from Japans Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare regarding its application for approval of Alpha DaRT in the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer, which would mark Alpha DaRTs first commercial approval outside of Israel if granted. On the manufacturing front, Alpha Tau has received a radioactive materials license for its Hudson, New Hampshire facility and is currently equipping the facility for Alpha DaRT manufacturing to support commercial readiness and scale-up operations. Strategic Overview Rationale Alpha Tau has demonstrated encouraging clinical progress across multiple difficult-to-treat cancer types, including pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, and skin cancer, with interim data showing disease control and early signals of clinical benefit. With five concurrent FDA-approved trials in the U.S., ongoing regulatory dialogue with the FDA, potential near-term regulatory approval in Japan, and advancement toward PMA submission for its pivotal skin cancer trial, Alpha Tau is entering a critical phase of clinical validation and regulatory progression. The companys innovative alpha-radiation platform, combined with its expanding clinical footprint across multiple solid tumor types and growing manufacturing capabilities, represents what we believe to be a compelling investment opportunity in the oncology therapeutics space. **** **Pelthos Therapeutics Inc.** On July 1, 2025, we purchased 150,000 shares of common stock of Pelthos Therapeutics Inc, or Pelthos, for an aggregate amount of $1,500,000. Subsequent to December 31, 2025 and through March 26, 2026, we sold 6,577 shares of Pelthos common stock of for aggregate proceeds of approximately $173,000. Following these sales, we hold 143,423 shares of Pelthos common stock. 5 **Nano Dimension Ltd.** As of December 31, 2025, we purchased an aggregate of 5,436,791 ordinary shares, par value NIS 5.00 per share or, Nano Ordinary Shares, of Nano Dimension Ltd., or Nano, for an aggregate amount of approximately $8,501,000. Subsequent to December 31, 2025 and through March 26, 2026, we purchased an additional 6,401,939 of Nano ordinary shares for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $12,308,000 and we sold 1,269,987 ordinary shares of Nano for aggregate proceeds of approximately $2,606,000. Following these transactions, we hold an aggregate of 10,568,743 Nano ordinary shares, representing approximately 5.02% of its outstanding shares as of March 26, 2026, based on 210,334,767 Nano Ordinary Shares outstanding as of October 14, 2025, as reported in a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on December 4, 2025. We have, and intend to in the future, engage in discussions with Nanos management, members of Nanos board of directors, and/or other shareholders of Nano concerning, among other things, Nanos performance, the market price of the Nano Ordinary Shares relative to the value of Nanos assets, potential financing options for Nano, Nanos business strategy, potential transactions and other issues for the betterment of Nano. We intend to engage in discussions with Nano and other shareholders thereof regarding the management of Nano and to recommend changes to the composition of the board of directors and expect to subsequently have further discussion with Nanos management and board of directors covering board composition as well as a broad range of subjects relative to performance, strategic direction, shareholder value and governance of Nano. **Transactions with Lifeward** Secured Promissory Note On November 14, 2025, in anticipation of the transactions contemplated by the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement and the Lifeward Notes Purchase Agreement described below, we entered into a loan agreement with Lifeward Ltd. or Lifeward pursuant to which we provided Lifeward with a $3,000,000 secured promissory note bearing interest at 15% per annum and maturing on May 14, 2026, unless earlier repaid or converted in accordance with its terms. The note is secured by a lien on Lifewards cash and accounts receivable. The principal and accrued interest under the note are convertible into Lifeward ordinary shares at a conversion price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026, which adjusted the original conversion price of $0.45 per share. On February 12, 2026, we agreed to provide Lifeward with an additional secured promissory note with an initial principal amount of $525,000, which may be increased by up to an additional $975,000, bearing interest at 24% per annum and secured by a lien on Lifewards cash. As of March 26, 2026, we had funded $1,025,000 under this additional note. The outstanding principal and accrued interest under the secured promissory notes are expected to be rolled into the Initial Notes issued under the Lifeward Notes Purchase Agreement described below. Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement On January 12, 2026, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement or, the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement with Lifeward and OraTech pursuant to which Lifeward agreed to acquire all of the outstanding equity interests of OraTech from us or the Share Purchase Transaction. Prior to the closing, we transferred to Oratech all intellectual property and related assets relating to our POD (Protein Oral Delivery) technology platform, together with cash to fund the next planned clinical trial and related development activities. As a result, commencing on the closing date of March 25, 2026, research and development expenses will be borne by Oratech. In consideration for the acquisition of OraTech, Lifeward issued to us: (i) Lifeward Ordinary Shares and pre-funded warrants to purchase Lifeward Ordinary Shares representing up to 49.99% of Lifewards fully diluted equity capitalization at closing, subject to adjustments, which such the Lifeward Ordinary Shares issued at closing represented less than 45.0% of the outstanding Lifeward Ordinary Shares at closing; (ii) warrants to purchase Lifeward Ordinary Shares equal to the quotient of Lifewards net cash at closing divided by an exercise price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026 (which adjusted the original exercise price of $0.45 per share), subject to adjustments or, the Share Purchase Warrants; and (iii) revenue-sharing payments equal to 4% of the net revenue from Lifewards ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton products and related extended warranties for up to 10 years following closing, subject to certain caps and early termination upon the occurrence of specified events. 6 The closing of the Share Purchase Transaction was subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of Lifewards shareholders for the issuance of more than 19.99% of Lifeward Ordinary Shares in accordance with Nasdaq listing standards. Such shareholder approval was obtained on March 12, 2026. The closing of the Share Purchase Transaction took place on March 25, 2026. In connection with the transaction, Lifeward agreed to file a resale registration statement with the SEC covering the Lifeward Ordinary Shares issued in the transaction and those issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants and warrants described above as soon as practicable following closing, but no later than 75 days after closing, and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective within 75 days after closing (or 105 days in the event of a full SEC review). *Pre-Funded Warrants and Share Purchase Warrants* The Share Purchase Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance at an initial exercise price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026 (which adjusted the original exercise price of $0.45 per share), and expire five years from the date of issuance. The exercise price is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.0012 per share (reflecting the reverse-split adjusted price of the original $0.0001 per share), subject to customary adjustments, and will remain exercisable until exercised in full. We may not exercise any portion of the Pre-Funded Warrants or Share Purchase Warrants to the extent that, after giving effect to such exercise, we and our affiliates would beneficially own more than 45.0% of the outstanding Lifeward Ordinary Shares. This limitation will automatically increase to 49.99% once (i) the Investors no longer hold any Notes and (ii) the Investors have sold all Note Shares issued or issuable upon conversion of the Notes and related warrants. We may increase the beneficial ownership limitation upon at least 61 days prior notice to Lifeward; provided that, for so long as certain Lifeward warrants outstanding as of the issuance date remain outstanding, any such increase will require Lifewards consent, which may not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. In connection with the execution of the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement, we entered into a lock-up agreement for a period of 120 days after the Closing, without the prior written consent of Lifeward. ** *Clinical Trial Management Agreement* In connection with the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement we agreed to enter into a clinical trial management or, the Clinical Trial Management Agreement with Oratech, pursuant to which we agreed to manage the clinical study of Oratechs investigational oral insulin capsule product or, the Study, including providing clinical trial management and administrative services through study completion or, the Services. In consideration for the Services, OraTech will reimburse us for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred by us in providing the Services and payments made on behalf of OraTech to third parties and vendors, such as clinical sites, if applicable, subject to certain limitations and maximum payments as set forth in the Clinical Trial Management Agreement. The Clinical Trial Management Agreement will terminate upon completion of the Study unless earlier terminated in accordance with the terms set forth therein. 7 Notes Securities Purchase Agreement On January 12, 2026, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement or, the Lifeward Notes Purchase Agreement with Lifeward and other investors pursuant to which we agreed to purchase, in a private placement, up to $18,000,000 of senior secured convertible notes issued by Lifeward, together with accompanying warrants to purchase Lifeward Ordinary Shares. At the initial closing, which occurred on March 25, 2026, we agreed to purchase $9,000,000 aggregate principal amount of such notes or, the Initial Notes. The Initial Notes bear interest at 8% per annum, payable semi-annually, and mature three years from the date of issuance. The Initial Notes are convertible into Lifeward Ordinary Shares at an initial conversion price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026 (which adjusted the original conversion price of $0.45 per share), subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. We also agreed to purchase an additional $9,000,000 aggregate principal amount of notes or, the Additional Notes and together with the Initial Notes, or, the Notes, together with accompanying warrants, on substantially the same terms as the Initial Notes. The closing of the Additional Notes is subject to customary closing conditions and either: | (i) | Lifeward achieving at least a 150% increase in ReWalk unit sales compared to the trailing twelve-month period immediately preceding the Additional Closing; or | | | (ii) | the closing price of Lifeward Ordinary Shares equaling or exceeding $13.80 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split (which adjusted the original $1.15 threshold), for 10 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the Additional Closing. | | The closing of the Initial Notes was subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of Lifewards shareholders for the issuance of more than 19.99% of Lifeward Ordinary Shares in accordance with Nasdaq listing standards. Such shareholder approval was obtained on March 12, 2026. In connection with the transaction, Lifeward agreed to file a resale registration statement with the SEC covering the Lifeward Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes and exercise of the related warrants within 30 days after the Initial Closing, and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have the registration statement declared effective within 45 days thereafter (or 75 days in the event of a full SEC review). Strategic Overview Rationale As part of our ongoing portfolio optimization and focus on high potential innovation, during 2026 we entered into a strategic transaction with Lifeward Ltd. Under this agreement, we transferred our proprietary Protein Oral Delivery POD platform, representing years of research to enable oral administration of injectable biologics including its refined oral insulin program, to Lifeward while retaining responsibility for managing the near-term clinical development program and receiving a significant equity ownership interest in the combined company. This transaction aligns us with a revenue generating medical robotics business with established products such as ReWalk and AlterG, providing near term cash flow and diversified exposure alongside the long term upside of the POD platform. we believe that prior execution challenges at Lifeward were driven primarily by strategy and management rather than the quality of the underlying technology. With a new strategic direction and leadership team in place, we believe Lifeward is well positioned to advance the oral insulin program and fully realize the value of its combined technology platforms, ultimately delivering meaningful growth and shareholder value. 8 **** **Corner Ally Ventures** **** On March 1, 2026, our board approved the formation of Corner Ally Ventures or, the Fund, a new venture capital fund focused on investments in Israeli technology companies. We co-founded the Fund together with Corner Capital Management, LLC and, together with Ben Shapiro, are expected to serve as a major general partner of the Fund and to participate in its management and investment decision-making and may be entitled to a share of the Funds carried interest. We also expect to serve as an anchor limited partner and have committed to vest up to $40,000,000 in the Fund, which is expected to be funded over an anticipated four-year capital call period. The Funds initial closing, subject to a minimum capital commitment of $75,000,000, is expected to occur in the third quarter of 2026. **** **Real Estate Investments** On November 7, 2024, our Board of Directors, or the Board, approved investments of up to $10,000,000 in real estate assets. This decision aligns with our strategic approach to capital allocation, leveraging opportunities in the current real estate market where we have identified attractive investment prospects. With interest rates expected to decline and valuations presenting favorable entry points, the Board believes these investments could provide long-term value appreciation and potential income streams, further strengthening our financial position. As we continue to evaluate our business strategy, including potential structural changes, these investments are intended to enhance financial flexibility and maximize shareholder value. On February 13, 2025, the Board approved increasing the real estate investments to up to $30,000,000. *Profit-Sharing Loan Agreement* On September 4, 2024, we entered into a loan agreement, or the Profit-Sharing Loan Agreement, with Rabi Binyamin 4 Tama 38 Ltd. or, the Borrower, to finance a real estate project or, the Rabi Binyamin Project. According to the terms of the Profit-Sharing Loan Agreement, we agreed to loan NIS 5,500,000 (approximately $1,523,000) or, the Loan Principal, to the Borrower. NIS 4,700,000 (approximately $1,307,000) was loaned upon signing the Profit-Sharing Loan Agreement and an additional NIS 800,000 (approximately $237,000), or the Additional Payment, will be loaned upon certain milestones. On October 28, 2025, the Borrower met the milestones and is entitled to the additional payment. On September 14, 2025, we loaned an additional NIS 500,000 (approximately $150,286) to the Borrower or the Additional Loan. The Additional Loan bears an annual interest of 6% and shall be repaid by December 31, 2025. According to the Additional Loan agreement, we shall be entitled to instruct the Borrower that instead of repaying the Additional Loan on the maturity date, the principal amount of the loan, as well as any accrued interest up to the date of such notice, shall be deemed to constitute a loan amount provided by us, as part of the remaining portion of the Profit-Sharing Loan Agreement. As of December 31, 2025, the Additional Loan had not been repaid. The maturity date of the Additional Loan was subsequently extended to June 30, 2026. Upon completion of the Rabi Binyamin Project, we are entitled to receive the Loan Principal and the greater of: (i) 20% annual interest of the Loan Principal and (ii) 40% of the Rabi Binyamin Project profits. *Castel* In January 2025, we entered into an agreement to acquire a parcel of land in Mevaseret Zion, Israel for a total purchase price of NIS 5,800,000 ($1,586,000). The transaction was structured as installments payments, and as of December 31, 2025, we had paid the full purchase price. We intend to pursue value-enhancing activities in connection with the land, with the goal of increasing its potential return uponfuturesale. *Ruby Sapphire II Investment* On December 31, 2025, we entered into agreement and committed to invest NIS 7,000,000 (approximately $2,185,000) as a limited partner in Ruby Capital Investment Fund Sapphire II, Limited Partnership or, the Ruby Sapphire II, an Israeli private investment fund. Our commitment may be drawn down over time in accordance with the funds partnership agreement, and the investment is subject to the risks inherent in private investment funds, including illiquidity and the potential loss of invested capital. As of March 26, 2026, we had funded NIS 1,556,493 (approximately $499,000) under this commitment. 9 **Loan to Hapisga Project** On March 24, 2025, we entered into a loan agreement with Hapisga Project New Talpiot Ltd. to finance a purchase of a real estate asset in Jerusalem, Israel in the amount of up to $22,650,000 or, the Hapisga Loan. The loan has a one-year maturity, and a caveat was registered on the property reflecting a commitment to register a first-ranking mortgage on the property which is valued at approximately NIS 3,000,000,000 (approximately $890,000,000), providing significant collateral coverage. The loan bears an annual interest rate of 12%. On the same date, we entered into a loan agreement with Tova Chochma Im Nachala Ltd. or, the Tova Chochma in the amount of $5,000,000. The loan bears an annual interest rate of 12% with a maturity date of 12 months. In May 2025, Tova Chochma repaid an amount of $500,000. Tova Chochma can repay the loan at any time. This loan is also secured by the registration of the caveat for Hapisga Loan. The loans were granted by us in April 2025. **Research and Development** **Oral Insulin and Strategic Review Process** **** Our proprietary flagship product, an orally ingestible insulin capsule, or ORMD-0801, allows insulin to travel from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal vein to the bloodstream, revolutionizing the manner in which insulin is delivered. It enables the passage in a more physiological manner than current delivery methods of insulin. We conducted the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial on patients with type 2 diabetes, with inadequate glycaemic control who were on two or three oral glucose-lowering agents. The primary endpoint of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy of ORMD-0801, compared to placebo in improving glycaemic control as assessed by HbA1c, with a secondary efficacy endpoint of assessing the change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose at 26 weeks. On January 11, 2023, we announced that the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints. Following the January 2023 results, we initiated a strategic review process and conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data to understand if there is a path forward for our oral insulin candidate. Accordingly, we completed a subpopulation analysis that identified patient groups with specific parameters (BMI, baseline HbA1c, and age) demonstrating an over 1% placebo-adjusted, statistically significant reduction in HbA1c. Based on these findings, on September 12, 2024, we submitted a protocol to the FDA titled, A Double-Blinded, Placebo-controlled, Double Dummy Multi-Center Randomized, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the efficacy and safety in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Inadequate Glycemic Control on One to Three Glucose-lowering Agents or a revised Phase 3 trial (ORA-D-013-3). We intend on initiating a 60-patient, US-based clinical trial designed to validate the robustness of our oral insulin formulation in these high-responder populations. The trial is designed to use the smallest adequately powered patient population expected to obtain such validation in what we believe to be the shortest time possible, providing a cost-effective approach to generate additional compelling evidence and refine our patient selection criteria for future potential regulatory submissions. The trial will be conducted by OraTech. For additional information, see note 21 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 10 **Diabetes Market Overview** **** Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that causes sugar to be absorbed into cells, where the sugar is converted into energy needed for daily life. The cause of diabetes is attributed both to genetics (type 1 diabetes, or T1D) and, most often, to environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise (T2D). According to the International Diabetes Federation, or IDF, approximately 589 million adults (20-79 years) worldwide suffered from diabetes in 2024 and the IDF projects this number will increase to 853 million by 2050. According to the American Diabetes Association or, the ADA, in 2024, the United States there were approximately 38.5 million people with diabetes. Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and amputation. **Intellectual Property and Patents** We own a portfolio of patents and patent applications covering our technologies, and we are aggressively protecting these technology developments on a worldwide basis. We maintain a proactive intellectual property strategy, which includes patent filings in multiple jurisdictions, including the United States and other commercially significant markets. We hold 21 patent applications currently pending, with respect to various compositions, methods of production and oral administration of proteins and exenatide. Expiration dates for pending patents, if granted, will fall between 2026 and 2039. We hold 141 patents, one of which issued during the year ended December 31, 2025, including patents issued by the United States, Swiss, German, French, U.K., Italian, Netherlands, Swedish, Spanish, Australian, Israeli, Japanese, New Zealand, South African, Russian, Canadian, Hong Kong, Chinese, European and Indian patent offices that cover a part of our technology, which allows for the oral delivery of proteins; patents issued by the Australian, Canadian, European, Austrian, Belgian, French, German, Irish, Italian, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish, Swiss, U.K., Israeli, New Zealand, South African, Russian, Brazilian and Japanese patent offices that cover part of our technology for the oral delivery of exenatide; and patents issued by the European, Austrian, Belgian, Denmark, French, German, Irish, Italian, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Spanish, Swedish, Swiss, U.K. and Japanese patent offices for treating diabetes. Consistent with our strategy to seek protection in key markets worldwide, we have been and will continue to pursue the patent applications and corresponding foreign counterparts of such applications. We believe that our success will depend on our ability to obtain patent protection for our intellectual property. Our patent strategy is as follows: | | | Aggressively protect all current and future technological developments to assure strong and broad protection by filing patents and/or continuations in part as appropriate, | | | | | Protect technological developments at various levels, in a complementary manner, including the base technology, as well as specific applications of the technology, and | | | | | Establish comprehensive coverage in the United States and in all relevant foreign markets in anticipation of future commercialization opportunities. | | **Trademarks and Trade Secrets** We have trademark applications pending in Israel, with Corresponding international trademark applications in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, U.S.A., Uzbekistan and Vietnam. 11 We also rely on trade secrets and unpatentable know-how that we seek to protect, in part, by confidentiality agreements. Our policy is to require our employees, consultants, contractors, manufacturers, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers, our Board, technical review board and other advisors, to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of employment or consulting relationships with us. These agreements provide that all confidential information developed or made known to the individual during the course of the individuals relationship with us is to be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties except in specific limited circumstances. We also require signed confidentiality or material transfer agreements from any company that is to receive our confidential information. In the case of employees, consultants and contractors, the agreements provide that all inventions conceived by the individual while rendering services to us shall be assigned to us as the exclusive property of us. There can be no assurance, however, that all persons who we desire to sign such agreements will sign, or if they do, that these agreements will not be breached, that we would have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets or unpatentable know-how will not otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors. **Out-Licensed Technology** **** We entered into strategic agreements with Lifeward pursuant to which we agreed to sell all of the outstanding equity interests of OraTech, effectively transferring all intellectual property and related assets relating to our POD (Protein Oral Delivery) technology platform, together with associated development activities for the oral insulin program. In consideration, we will receive equity securities of Lifeward, including ordinary shares and warrants, as well as potential revenue-sharing payments. In addition, we will continue to support the development of the out-licensed technology by providing clinical trial management and related services for the oral insulin capsule program. **Entera Bio** In June 2010, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Oramed Ltd., entered into a joint venture agreement with Israel Canada Hotels Ltd (formerly DNA GROUP (T.R.) Ltd.) or DNA, for the establishment of Entera Bio Ltd., or Entera. In March 2011, Oramed Ltd. sold shares of Entera to DNA and retaining 117,000 ordinary shares (after giving effect to Enteras July 2018 stock split), and, as part of the consideration, received ordinary shares of DNA. In connection with the joint venture, Oramed Ltd entered into a patent transfer agreement pursuant to which it assigned to Entera its rights to a patent application related to the oral administration of proteins (previously licensed to Entera since August 2010), in return for royalties of 3% of Enteras net revenues and a license back of diabetes and influenza indications. As of December 31, 2025, Entera had not paid any royalties to Oramed Ltd. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not sell any of DNAs ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2025, we held approximately 0.2% of DNAs outstanding ordinary shares and 0.3% of Enteras outstanding ordinary shares. **HTIT** In 2015-2016, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with HTIT, as amended or, the HTIT License Agreement, granting HTIT commercialization rights to our oral insulin capsule, ORMD-0801, in the Peoples Republic of China, Macau, and Hong Kong. Under the agreement, HTIT conducts pre-commercialization and regulatory activities at its own expense and pays us (i) royalties of 10% on net sales (subject to reduction to 8% if certain conditions are not met, or 5% following patent expiration in 2033), and (ii) milestone payments totaling $37,500,000, of which we have received $20,500,000. The royalty payment obligation continues from first commercial sale until the later of (i) patent expiration in the territory or (ii) 15 years after first commercial sale. HTIT has submitted a Marketing Authorization Application to Chinas regulators for the oral insulin capsule in China. 12 **Government Regulation** **The Drug Development Process** Regulatory requirements for the approval of new drugs vary from one country to another. In order to obtain approval to market our drug portfolio, we need to go through a different regulatory process in each country in which we apply for such approval. In some cases, information gathered during the approval process in one country can be used as supporting information for the approval process in another country. As a strategic decision, we decided to first explore the FDA regulatory pathway. The following is a summary of the FDAs requirements. The FDA requires that pharmaceutical and certain other therapeutic products undergo significant clinical experimentation and clinical testing prior to their marketing or introduction to the general public. Clinical testing, known as clinical trials or clinical studies, is either conducted internally by life science, pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies or is conducted on behalf of these companies by CROs. The process of conducting clinical trials is highly regulated by the FDA, as well as by other governmental and professional bodies. Below we describe the principal framework in which clinical trials are conducted, as well as describe a number of the parties involved in these trials. **Protocols**. Before commencing human clinical trials, the sponsor of a new drug or therapeutic product must submit an IND application to the FDA. The application contains, among other documents, what is known in the industry as a protocol. A protocol is the blueprint for each drug study. The protocol sets forth, among other things, the following: | | | Who must be recruited as qualified participants, | | | | | How often to administer the drug or product, | | | | | What tests to perform on the participants, and | | | | | What dosage of the drug or amount of the product to give to the participants. | | **Institutional Review Board**. An institutional review board is an independent committee of professionals and lay persons which reviews clinical research trials involving human beings and is required to adhere to guidelines issued by the FDA. The institutional review board does not report to the FDA, but its records are audited by the FDA. Its members are not appointed by the FDA. All clinical trials must be approved by an institutional review board. The institutional review boards role is to protect the rights of the participants in the clinical trials. It approves the protocols to be used, the advertisements which we or CRO conducting the study proposes to use to recruit participants, and the form of consent which the participants will be required to sign prior to their participation in the clinical trials. **Clinical Trials**. Human clinical trials or testing of a potential product are generally done in three stages known as Phase 1 through Phase 3 testing. The names of the phases are derived from the regulations of the FDA. Generally, there are multiple trials conducted in each phase. **Phase 1**. Phase 1 trials involve testing a drug or product on a limited number of healthy or patient participants, typically 24 to 100 people at a time. Phase 1 trials determine a products basic safety and how the product is absorbed by, and eliminated from, the body. This phase lasts an average of six months to a year. **Phase 2**. Phase 2 trials involve testing of no more than 300 participants at a time who may suffer from the targeted disease or condition. Phase 2 testing typically lasts an average of one to two years. In Phase 2, the drug is tested to determine its safety and effectiveness for treating a specific illness or condition. Phase 2 testing also involves determining acceptable dosage levels of the drug. Phase 2 trials may be split into Phase 2a and Phase 2b sub-trials. Phase 2a trials may be conducted with patient volunteers and are exploratory (non-pivotal) trials, typically designed to evaluate clinical efficacy or biological activity. Phase 2b trials are conducted with patients defined to evaluate definite dose range and evaluate efficacy. If Phase 2 trials show that a new drug has an acceptable range of safety risks and probable effectiveness, a company will generally continue to review the substance in Phase 3 trials. **Phase 3**. Phase 3 trials involve testing large numbers of participants, typically several hundred to several thousand persons. The purpose is to verify effectiveness and long-term safety on a large scale. These trials generally last two to three years. Phase 3 trials are conducted at multiple locations or sites. Like the other phases, Phase 3 requires the site to keep detailed records of data collected and procedures performed. 13 **Biological License Application**. The results of the clinical trials for a biological product are submitted to the FDA as part of a Biological License Application or, the BLA. Following the completion of Phase 3 trials, assuming the sponsor of a potential product in the United States believes it has sufficient information to support the safety and effectiveness of its product, the sponsor will generally submit a BLA to the FDA requesting that the product be approved for marketing. The application is a comprehensive, multi-volume filing that includes the results of all clinical trials, information about the drugs composition, and the sponsors plans for producing, packaging and labeling the product. The FDAs review of an application can take a few months to many years, with the average review lasting 18 months. Once approved, drugs and other products may be marketed in the United States, subject to any conditions imposed by the FDA. Approval of a BLA provides 12 years of exclusivity in the U.S. market. **Phase 4**. The FDA may require that the sponsor conduct additional clinical trials following new drug approval. The purpose of these trials, known as Phase 4 trials, is to monitor long-term risks and benefits, study different dosage levels or evaluate safety and effectiveness. In recent years, the FDA has increased its reliance on these trials. Phase 4 trials usually involve thousands of participants. Phase 4 trials also may be initiated by us sponsoring the new drug to gain broader market value for an approved drug. **European Regulation**. Similar to the U.S., a European sponsor of a biological product may submit a Marketing Approval Application to the European Medicines Agency (EMA), for the registration of the product. The approval process in Europe consists of several stages, which together are summed up to 210 days from the time of submission of the application (net, without periods in which the sponsor provides answers to questions raised by the agency) following which, a Marketing Approval may be granted. During the approval process, the sponsors manufacturing facilities will be audited in order to assess Good Manufacturing Practice compliance. The drug approval process is time-consuming, involves substantial expenditures of resources, and depends upon a number of factors, including the severity of the illness in question, the availability of alternative treatments, and the risks and benefits demonstrated in the clinical trials. **Other Regulations** Various federal, state and local laws, regulations, and recommendations relating to safe working conditions, laboratory practices, the experimental use of animals, the environment and the purchase, storage, movement, import, export, use, and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances, including radioactive compounds and infectious disease agents, used in connection with our research are applicable to our activities. They include, among others, the U.S. Atomic Energy Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, and Resources Conservation and Recovery Act, national restrictions on technology transfer, import, export, and customs regulations, and other present and possible future local, state, or federal regulation. The compliance with these and other laws, regulations and recommendations can be time-consuming and involve substantial costs. In addition, the extent of governmental regulation which might result from future legislation or administrative action cannot be accurately predicted and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. **Competition** We face intense competition in pharmaceutical research and development from major pharmaceutical companies, specialized biotechnology firms, academic institutions, and governmental agenciesmany with substantially greater financial, technical, and marketing resources. Competition is determined by scientific and technological capabilities, patent protection, speed to market, regulatory approval, and ability to commercialize products. These entities also compete with us for qualified scientific personnel and consultants. In the diabetes treatment sector specifically, we compete against well-established and rapidly evolving therapeutic options including insulin injections, insulin pumps, oral medications that improve insulin response or production, and the increasingly dominant GLP-1 receptor agonists (both injectable and oral formulations), as well as lifestyle interventions. The widespread adoption of GLP-1s for diabetes and weight management represents significant competitive pressure. First-to-market products typically hold significant competitive advantages. Our competitive position depends on our ability to attract talent, develop effective proprietary products, obtain patent protection, and secure adequate capital. If approved, we expect our oral insulin capsule to compete primarily on efficacy, safety, patient convenience, and patent position. Competitors may develop superior products or achieve greater market acceptance. There can be no assurance that our technology will not be rendered obsolete or noncompetitive, or that we can keep pace with technological developments, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations. 14 **Employees** We believe it is imperative to attract and retain top talent for all positions in the Company. We seek to make Oramed an inclusive, diverse and safe workplace, with meaningful compensation, benefits and wellness programs and opportunities. We have experienced personnel involved in our research and development programs, as well as appropriate clinical/regulatory, quality assurance and other personnel needed to advance through clinical trials or have engaged the services of experts in the field for these requirements. As of December 31, 2025, we have contracted with thirteen individuals for employment or consulting arrangements. Of our staff, four are senior management, three are engaged in research and development work, and the remaining six are involved in corporate and administration work. We provide competitive compensation, health and retirement programs for our employees. We offer variable pay in the form of bonuses and stock-based compensation for eligible employees. We also provide our employees with additional benefits such as team-building and educational offsite activities and gym facilities. We believe that this provides a comprehensive package to engage, motivate and retain our employees as a cohesive unit unified in its goal to achieve the Companys strategy and objectives. **Additional Information** Additional information about us is contained on our Internet website at www.oramed.com. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, are available free of charge on our website under SEC Filings as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Reports filed with the SEC are made available on its website at www.sec.gov and are also available on the website of the Israeli Securities Authority at www.magna.isa.gov.il or on the website of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange at www.tase.co.il. The following corporate governance documents are also posted on our website: Code of Ethics, Whistleblowing Policy and the charters for each of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating Committee of our Board. **ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.** **An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the following information about these risks, together with the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected as a result of any of the following risks. The value of our securities could decline as a result of any of these risks. You could lose all or part of your investment in our securities. Some of the statements in this Item 1A. Risk Factors are forward-looking statements. The following risk factors are not the only risk factors facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.** **Summary Risk Factors** **** **Risks Related to Our Business** | | | Our strategic review process may not be successful or timely. | | | | | If we are successful in completing a strategic transaction, we may be exposed to other operational and financial risks | | 15 | | | Our ability to consummate a strategic transaction depends on our ability to retain our employees required to consummate such transaction. | | | | | We may become involved in securities and stockholder litigation that could divert managements attention and harm the Companys business, and insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all costs and damages. | | | | | We have a history of losses and may not be able to sustain profitability in the future. | | | | | We have a history of losses and can provide no assurance as to our future operating results. | | | | | We rely upon patents to protect our technology and we may be unable to protect our intellectual property rights and we may be liable for infringing the intellectual property rights of others. | | | | | Even if we succeed in commencing a new clinical trial for our oral insulin capsule, there are a variety of risks and uncertainties related to its development. | | | | | We have limited experience in conducting clinical trials and our clinical trials may encounter delays, suspensions or other problems. | | | | | Initial success in the completed and ongoing early-stage clinical trials does not ensure success in later stage trials, regulatory approval or commercial viability of a product. | | | | | We can provide no assurance that our products will obtain regulatory approval or that the results of clinical trials will be favorable. | | | | | We are dependent upon third party suppliers of our raw materials and for other services. | | | | | We may not realize a return on our investments in marketable securities that we own. | | | | Because we may from time to time maintain a significant percentage of our assets in cash and/or securities, we may in the future be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 resulting in additional costs and regulatory burdens. | | | | | We may not realize the full benefit from our distribution license agreement with Medicox. | | | | | We are highly dependent upon our ability to enter into agreements with collaborative partners to develop, commercialize and market our products. | | | | | The biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapid technological developments and a high degree of competition. We may be unable to compete with more substantial enterprises. | | | | Our financial position or results could be negatively affected by product liability claims. | | | | We have limited senior management resources and may be required to obtain more resources to manage our growth. | | | | We depend upon our senior management and skilled personnel and their loss or unavailability could put us at a competitive disadvantage. | | | | Our existing and any future joint ventures may limit our flexibility with jointly owned investments and we may not realize the benefits we expect from these arrangements. | | 16 | | Fluctuations in interest rates could reduce our ability to generate income on our loans and other investments, which could lead to a significant decrease in our results of operations, cash flows and the market value of our investments. | | | | | Healthcare policy changes, including pending legislation recently adopted and further proposals still pending to reform the U.S. healthcare system, may harm our future business. | | | | We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. | | | | | Our various real estate investments involve significant risks and might not provide long-term value appreciation and potential income streams that we expect to receive. | | | | | We have lent a substantial amount of funds to Scilex. In the event that Scilex is unable to service its obligations under the Note and defaults on such Note, it could have a material adverse effect on our business. | | | | | | | | | | If Alpha Tau fails to achieve positive clinical results or obtain regulatory approvals, the value of our investment could decline materially, which may adversely affect our financial results. | | | | | The value of our investment into Lifeward may decline. | | **** **Risks Related to our Common Stock** | | | Future sales of our common stock by our existing stockholders could adversely affect our stock price. | | | | | Our failure to maintain compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Markets continued listing requirements could result in the delisting of our common stock. | | | | | As the market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, this may make it difficult for you to sell your shares of common stock when you want or at prices you find attractive. | | | | Future sales of common stock or the issuance of securities senior to our common stock or convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, our common stock could materially adversely affect the trading price of our common stock, and our ability to raise funds in new equity offerings. | | | | Our stockholders may experience significant dilution as a result of any additional financing using our equity securities. | | **Risks Related to Conducting Business in Israel** | | | We are affected by the political, economic and military risks of having operations in Israel. | | | | | It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against us or our officers and directors and to assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel. | | 17 **General Risk Factors** | | | Changes to tax laws could have a negative effect on us or our stockholders. | | | | | Our business and operations would suffer in the event of computer system failures, cyber-attacks or deficiencies in our cyber-security. | | | | Our management will have significant flexibility in using the net proceeds of any offering of securities. | | | | Delaware law could discourage a change in control, or an acquisition of us by a third party, even if the acquisition would be favorable to you, and thereby adversely affect existing stockholders. | | **Risks Related to Our Business** **Our strategic review process may not be successful or timely.** Following the January 2023 results indicating that the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data to understand if there is a path forward for our oral insulin candidate. Concurrently, we are examining our existing pipeline and have commenced an evaluation process of potential strategic opportunities, including among others, continuation as a stand-alone business, capital raises, or one or more acquisitions, mergers or business combinations or other strategic transactions. While we are devoting significant efforts to identify and evaluate potential strategic alternatives, there can be no assurance that our strategic review process will result in us pursuing any transaction or that any transaction, if pursued, will be completed on attractive terms or at all. Additionally, there can be no assurances that any particular course of action, business arrangement or transaction, or series of transactions, will be pursued, successfully consummated, or lead to any stockholder value. Any potential transaction would be dependent on a number of factors that may be beyond our control, including, among other things, market conditions, industry trends, the interest of third parties in a potential transaction with us, obtaining stockholder approval and the availability of financing to third parties in a potential transaction with us on reasonable terms. The process of reviewing alternative strategic paths may be time consuming, may involve the dedication of significant resources and may require us to incur significant costs and expenses. It could negatively impact our ability to attract, retain and motivate employees, and expose us to potential litigation in connection with this process or any resulting transaction. If we are not successful in setting forth a new strategic path for the Company, or if our plans are not executed in a timely fashion, this may cause reputational harm with our stockholders and other stakeholders and the value of our securities may be adversely impacted. In addition, speculation regarding any developments related to the review of strategic alternatives and perceived uncertainties related to the future of the Company could cause our stock price to fluctuate significantly. There can be no guarantee that the process of evaluating alternative strategic paths will result in our entering into or completing potential transactions within the anticipated timing or at all. **If we are successful in completing a strategic transaction, we may be exposed to other operational and financial risks.** Although there can be no assurance that a strategic transaction will result from the strategic review process we have undertaken to identify and evaluate strategic alternatives, the negotiation and consummation of any such transaction will require significant time on the part of our management and may disrupt our business. The negotiation and consummation of any such transaction may also require more time or greater cash resources than we anticipate and expose us to other operational and financial risks, including: increased near-term and long-term expenditures exposure to unknown liabilities higher than expected acquisition or integration costs incurrence of substantial debt or dilutive issuances of equity securities to fund future operations write-downs of assets or goodwill or incurrence of non-recurring, impairment or other charges increased amortization expenses impairment of relationships with key suppliers of any acquired business due to changes in management and ownership inability to retain our key employees and possibility of future litigation. Any of the above risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and prospects. 18 **Our ability to consummate a strategic transaction depends on our ability to retain our employees required to consummate such transaction.** Our ability to consummate a strategic transaction depends upon our ability to retain our employees required to consummate such a transaction, the loss of whose services may adversely impact the ability to consummate such transaction. Our cash conservation activities may yield unintended consequences, such as attrition and reduced employee morale, which may cause remaining employees to seek alternative employment. Our ability to successfully complete a strategic transaction depends in large part on our ability to retain certain of our remaining personnel. If we are unable to successfully retain our remaining personnel, we are at risk of a disruption to our exploration and consummation of a strategic alternative as well as business operations. **We may become involved in securities and stockholder litigation that could divert managements attention and harm the Companys business, and insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all costs and damages.** In the past, securities and stockholder litigation has often followed certain significant business transactions, such as the sale of a company or announcement of any other strategic transaction, or the announcement of negative events, such as negative results from clinical trials. The market price of our common stock dropped substantially when we announced the results of the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial. We may be exposed to such litigation even if no wrongdoing occurred. Litigation is usually expensive and diverts managements attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business and cash resources and our ability to consummate a potential strategic transaction or the ultimate value our stockholders receive in any such transaction. **We have a history of losses and may not be able to sustain profitability in the future.** Successful evaluation and completion of our remaining development programs and our transition to normal operations are dependent upon obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA prior to selling our products within the United States, and foreign regulatory approvals must be obtained to sell our products internationally. There can be no assurance that we will receive regulatory approval of any of our product candidates, and a substantial amount of time may pass before we achieve a level of revenues adequate to support our operations. We expect to incur substantial expenditures in connection with our research and development programs, which will be conducted through OraTech, our strategic evaluation process, as well as the regulatory approval process with FDA and other agencies for each of our current or future product candidates during their respective developmental periods. Obtaining marketing approval will be directly dependent on our ability to implement the necessary regulatory steps required to obtain marketing approval in the United States and in other countries. We cannot predict the outcome of these activities. Based on our current cash resources and commitments, we believe we will be able to maintain our current planned activities and the corresponding level of expenditures for at least the next 12 months, although no assurance can be given that we will not need additional funds prior to such time. If there are unexpected increases in our operating expenses, we may need to seek additional financing during the next 12 months. **We may need substantial additional capital in order to satisfy our business objectives.** To date, we have financed our operations principally through offerings of securities and we may require substantial additional financing at various intervals in order to implement any potential strategic alternative, to continue our remaining or potential future research and development programs, including significant requirements for operating expenses including intellectual property protection and enforcement, for pursuit of regulatory approvals, and for commercialization of our remaining or future products. We can provide no assurance that additional funding will be available on a timely basis, on terms acceptable to us, or at all. In the event that we are unable to obtain such financing, we may not be able to implement the actions we decide to take as part of our strategic review process, and we will not be able to fully develop and commercialize our technology or pursue new technology. Our future capital requirements will depend upon many factors, including: | | | the results of our strategic review process and any new strategic direction we decide to take; | | 19 | | | continued scientific progress in our research and development programs; | | | | | costs and timing of conducting clinical trials and seeking regulatory approvals and patent prosecutions; | | | | | competing technological and market developments; | | | | | our ability to establish additional collaborative relationships; and | | | | | effects of commercialization activities and facility expansions if and as required. | | If we cannot secure adequate financing when needed, we may be required to delay, scale back or eliminate one or more of our existing or planned courses of action or research and development programs, or to enter into license or other arrangements with third parties to commercialize products or technologies that we would otherwise seek to develop ourselves and commercialize ourselves. In such event, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected as we may be required to scale-back, eliminate, or delay development efforts or product introductions or enter into royalty, sales or other agreements with third parties in order to commercialize our products. **We have a history of losses and can provide no assurance as to our future operating results.** We do not have sufficient revenues from our research and development activities to fully support our operations. Consequently, we have incurred net losses since inception. We currently have only licensing revenues and no product revenues, and may not succeed in developing or commercializing any products which could generate product revenues. We do not expect to have any products on the market for several years. In addition, development of our product candidates requires a process of pre-clinical and clinical testing, during which our products could fail. For example, in January 2023, the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints. We may not be able to enter into agreements with one or more companies experienced in the manufacturing and marketing of therapeutic drugs and, to the extent that we are unable to do so, we will not be able to market our product candidates. Eventual profitability will depend on our success in developing, manufacturing, and marketing our product candidates or in pursuing a successful strategic alternative. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had working capital of approximately $114,185,000 and approximately $137,536,000, respectively, and stockholders equity of approximately $199,744,000 and approximately $146,265,000, respectively. See Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. **We rely upon patents to protect our technology.** The patent position of biopharmaceutical and biotechnology firms is generally uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions. We do not know whether any of our current or future patent applications will result in the issuance of any patents. Even issued patents may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Patents may not provide a competitive advantage or afford protection against competitors with similar technology. Competitors or potential competitors may have filed applications for, or may have received patents and may obtain additional and proprietary rights to compounds or processes used by or competitive with ours. In addition, laws of certain foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Patent litigation is widespread in the biopharmaceutical and biotechnology industry and we cannot predict how this will affect our efforts to form strategic alliances, conduct clinical testing or manufacture and market any products under development. If challenged, our patents may not be held valid. We could also become involved in interference proceedings in connection with one or more of our patents or patent applications to determine priority of invention. If we become involved in any litigation, interference or other administrative proceedings, we will likely incur substantial expenses and the efforts of our technical and management personnel will be significantly diverted. In addition, an adverse determination could subject us to significant liabilities or require us to seek licenses that may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. We may be restricted or prevented from manufacturing and selling our products in the event of an adverse determination in a judicial or administrative proceeding or if we fail to obtain necessary licenses. 20 **We may be unable to protect our intellectual property rights and we may be liable for infringing the intellectual property rights of others.** Our ability to compete effectively will depend on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technologies. We currently hold several pending patent applications in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Europe, India, Hong Kong, Japan and China for our technologies covering oral administration of insulin and other proteins and oral administration of exenatide and proteins and 141 patents issued by the United States and various other countries patent offices that cover a part of our technology, which allows for the oral delivery of proteins; patents issued by various patent offices that cover part of our technology for the oral delivery of exenatide; and patents issued by patent offices for treating diabetes. Further, we rely on a combination of trade secrets and non-disclosure and other contractual agreements and technical measures to protect our rights in our technology. We depend upon confidentiality agreements with our officers, directors, employees, consultants, and subcontractors, as well as collaborative partners, to maintain the proprietary nature of our technology. These measures may not afford us sufficient or complete protection, and others may independently develop technology similar to ours, otherwise avoid our confidentiality agreements, or produce patents that would materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. We believe that our technology is not subject to any infringement actions based upon the patents of any third parties; however, our technology may in the future be found to infringe upon the rights of others. Others may assert infringement claims against us or against companies to which we have licensed our technology, and if we should be found to infringe upon their patents, or otherwise impermissibly utilize their intellectual property, our ability to continue to use our technology could be materially restricted or prohibited. If this event occurs, we may be required to obtain licenses from the holders of this intellectual property, enter into royalty agreements, or redesign our products so as not to utilize this intellectual property, each of which may prove to be uneconomical or otherwise impossible. Licenses or royalty agreements required in order for us to use this technology may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. These claims could result in litigation, which could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Further, we may need to indemnify companies to which we licensed our technology in the event that such technology is found to infringe upon the rights of others. Our commercial success will also depend significantly on our ability to operate without infringing the patents and other proprietary rights of third parties. Patent applications are, in many cases, maintained in secrecy until patents are issued. The publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature frequently occurs substantially later than the date on which the underlying discoveries were made and patent applications are filed. In the event of infringement or violation of another partys patent, we may be prevented from pursuing product development or commercialization. See Item 1. BusinessDescription of Business Intellectual Property and Patents. **Even if we succeed in commencing a new clinical trial for our oral insulin capsule, there are a variety of risks and uncertainties related to its development.** On January 12, 2023, we announced top-line results from the phase 3 trial of our oral insulin capsule, which did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints, and indicated that we expect to discontinue oral insulin clinical activities for T2D. At present, following the results of the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data and found that subpopulations of patients with pooled specific parameters responded well to oral insulin. Based on this analysis, we submitted a protocol for a new Phase 3 clinical trial to the FDA. Concurrently, we are examining our existing pipeline and have commenced an evaluation process of potential strategic opportunities. Even if we succeed in commencing a new clinical trial for our oral insulin capsule, there are a variety of risks and uncertainties related to its development. Principally, these risks include the following: | | | Future clinical trial results may show the same results as the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial; | | | | | Future clinical trial results may be inconsistent with previous preliminary testing results and data from our earlier trials may be inconsistent with clinical data; | | 21 | | | Even if our oral insulin capsule is shown to be safe and effective for its intended purposes in future clinical trials, we may face significant or unforeseen difficulties in obtaining or manufacturing sufficient quantities or at reasonable prices; | | | | | Our ability to complete the development and commercialization of the oral insulin capsule for our intended use is significantly dependent upon our ability to obtain and maintain experienced and committed partners to assist us with obtaining clinical and regulatory approvals for, and the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of, the oral insulin capsule on a worldwide basis; | | | | | Even if our oral insulin capsule is successfully developed, commercially produced and receives all necessary regulatory approvals, there is no guarantee that there will be market acceptance of our product; and | | | | | Our competitors may develop therapeutics or other treatments which are superior or less costly than our own with the result that our products, even if they are successfully developed, manufactured and approved, may not generate significant revenues. | | Our business may be seriously harmed if our analysis does not produce positive results, if we are unable to find a path forward to continue development of our oral insulin capsule, if we are unsuccessful in realizing new strategic opportunities or dealing with any of these risks, or if we are unable to successfully commercialize our oral insulin capsule for some other reason. **We have limited experience in conducting clinical trials.** Clinical trials must meet FDA and foreign regulatory requirements. We have limited experience in designing, conducting and managing the preclinical trials and clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates in any country. In the past, we entered into agreements with Integrium LLC and other consultants to assist us in designing, conducting and managing our various clinical trials in the United States, Europe and Israel. Any failure of a consultant to fulfill their obligations could result in significant additional costs as well as delays in designing, consulting and completing clinical trials on our products. **Our clinical trials may encounter delays, suspensions or other problems.** We may encounter problems in clinical trials that may cause us or the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies to delay, suspend or terminate our clinical trials at any phase. These problems could include the possibility that we may not be able to conduct clinical trials at our preferred sites, enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials at one or more sites or begin or successfully complete clinical trials in a timely fashion, if at all. For example, the rate of enrollment for our Phase 1 clinical trial for our oral COVID-19 vaccine in South Africa was slower than anticipated due to several factors, including the fact that many volunteers did not qualify during screening due to prior asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and other conditions, and as a result we had to add an additional clinical site. In addition, clinical trials conducted by third parties are not controlled by us and such third parties may conduct these trials in a manner in which we disagree or which may prove to be unsuccessful. Furthermore, we, the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies may suspend clinical trials at any time if we or they believe the subjects participating in the trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or if we or they find deficiencies in the clinical trial process or conduct of the investigation. If clinical trials of any of the product candidates fail, we will not be able to market the product candidate which is the subject of the failed clinical trials. The FDA and foreign regulatory agencies could also require additional clinical trials, which would result in increased costs and significant development delays. Our failure to adequately demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of a pharmaceutical product candidate under development could delay or prevent regulatory approval of the product candidate and could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. For example, see Item 1. BusinessDescription of Business Research and Development regarding the results of the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial that did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints. We may experience delays in site initiation and patient enrollment, failures to comply with study protocols, delays in the manufacture of our product candidates for clinical testing and other difficulties in starting or completing our clinical trials. 22 **Initial success in the completed and ongoing early-stage clinical trials does not ensure success in later stage trials, regulatory approval or commercial viability of a product.** Positive results in a clinical trial may not be replicated in subsequent or confirmatory trials. Additionally, success in preclinical work or early stage clinical trials does not ensure that later stage or larger scale clinical trials will be successful or that regulatory approval will be obtained. Any of our products failure to show sufficient efficacy in patients with the targeted indication, or if such studies are discontinued for any other reason, could negatively impact our development and commercialization goals for these products and our stock price could decline. Many companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. As a result, preliminary and interim data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available. We have invested in clinical studies of medicines that have not met the primary clinical endpoints in their Phase 3 studies or have been discontinued for other reasons. For example,in January 2023, we reported that ORA-D-013-1 trial did not meet its primary or secondary endpoint. Even if later stage clinical trials are successful, regulatory authorities may delay or decline approval of our product candidates. There are a number of factors that could cause a clinical study to fail or be delayed, including: (i) the clinical study may produce negative or inconclusive results; (ii) regulators may require that we hold, suspend or terminate clinical research for noncompliance with regulatory requirements; (iii) we, our partners, the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities could suspend or terminate a clinical study due to adverse side effects of a product on subjects or lack of efficacy in the trial; (iv) we, or our partners, may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional preclinical testing or clinical studies; (v) change in rates of enrollment and dropout among clinical trial participants; (vi) differences in the size and type of the patient populations; (vii) changes in and adherence to the dosing regimen and other clinical trial protocols; and (viii) people who enroll in the clinical study may later drop out due to adverse events, a perception they are not benefiting from participating in the study, fatigue with the clinical study process or personal or other issues. The occurrence of any of these events could result in significant costs and expense, have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and/or cause our stock price to decline or experience periods of volatility. **We can provide no assurance that our products will obtain regulatory approval or that the results of clinical trials will be favorable.** The testing, marketing and manufacturing of any of our products will require the approval of the FDA or regulatory agencies of other countries. We cannot predict with any certainty the amount of time necessary to obtain regulatory approvals, including from the FDA or other foreign regulatory authorities, and whether any such approvals will ultimately be granted. In any event, review and approval by the regulatory bodies is anticipated to take a number of years. Preclinical and clinical trials may reveal that one or more of our products are ineffective or unsafe, in which event further development of such products could be seriously delayed or terminated. For example, in January 2023, we announced that our ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints. As a result, we decided to terminate our ORA-D-013-2 Phase 3 trial, conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data and found that subpopulations of patients with pooled specific parameters, responded well to oral insulin. Based on this analysis, we submitted a protocol for a new Phase 3 clinical trial to the FDA. Moreover, obtaining approval for certain products may require the testing on human subjects of substances whose effects on humans are not fully understood or documented. Delays in obtaining necessary regulatory approvals of any proposed product and failure to receive such approvals would have an adverse effect on the products potential commercial success and on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, it is possible that a product may be found to be ineffective or unsafe due to conditions or facts which arise after development has been completed and regulatory approvals have been obtained. In this event we may be required to withdraw such product from the market. See Item 1. BusinessDescription of BusinessGovernment Regulation. **We are dependent upon third party suppliers of our raw materials and for other services.** We are dependent on outside vendors for our entire supply of the oral insulin capsules and do not currently have any long-term agreements in place for the supply of oral insulin capsules, which is still necessary if we decide to continue development of these projects. While we believe that there are numerous sources of supply available, if the third party suppliers were to cease production, or otherwise fail to supply us with quality raw materials in sufficient quantities on a timely basis and we were unable to contract on acceptable terms for these services with alternative suppliers, our ability to produce our products and to conduct testing and clinical trials would be materially adversely affected. 23 We rely on suppliers, vendors, outsourcing partners, alliance partners and other third parties to research, develop, manufacture, commercialize, co-promote and sell our products, manage certain marketing, IT, data and other business unit and functional services and meet their contractual, regulatory and other obligations. Using these third parties poses a number of risks, such as: (i) they may not perform to our standards or legal requirements, for example, in relation to the outsourcing of significant clinical development activities for innovative medicines to some CROs; (ii) they may not produce reliable products; (iii) they may not perform in a timely manner; (iv) they may not maintain confidentiality of our proprietary information; (v) they may incur a significant cyberattack or business disruption; (vi) they may be subject to government orders or mandates that require them to give priority to the government and set aside pre-existing commercial orders; (vii) disputes may arise with respect to ownership of rights to technology developed with our partners; and (viii) disagreements could cause delays in, or termination of, the research, development or commercialization of the product or result in litigation or arbitration. The failure of any critical third party to meet its obligations; to adequately deploy business continuity plans in the event of a crisis; and/or to satisfactorily resolve significant disagreements with us or address other factors, could have a material adverse impact on our operations and results. In addition, if these third parties violate, or are alleged to have violated, any laws or regulations, including the local pharmaceutical code, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practice Act of 1977, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010, the EUs General Data Protection Regulations, and other similar laws and regulations, during the performance of their obligations for us, we could suffer financial and reputational harm or other negative outcomes, including possible legal consequences. **We may not realize a return on the shares of DNA, Entera, Nano, Alpha Tau and Pelthos that we own.** DNAs ordinary shares are traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and Enteras ordinary shares, and Alpha Taus ordinary shares, Lifewards ordinary shares. Nanos common stock and Pelthoss common stock are traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market, which are subject to market fluctuations. In addition, the shares of DNA, Entera, Alpha Tau, Nano and Pelthos have historically experienced relatively low trading volume. As a result, there is no guarantee that we will be able to resell those shares at the prevailing market prices or that we will realize a positive return on such shares. **Because we may from time to time maintain a significant percentage of our assets in cash and/or securities, we may in the future be deemed to be aninvestment companyunder theInvestment CompanyAct of 1940resulting in additional costs and regulatory burdens.** Currently, we believe that either we are not within the definition of Investment Company as the term is defined under theInvestment CompanyAct of 1940, or the 1940 Act, or, alternatively, we may rely on one or more of the 1940 Acts exemptions. As of December 31, 2025, we held approximately 0.2% of DNAs outstanding ordinary shares, approximately 0.26% of Enteras outstanding ordinary shares, approximately 2.58% of Nanos outstanding ordinary shares, approximately 4.9% of Pelthoss outstanding ordinary shares and approximately 17% of Alpha Taus outstanding ordinary shares, in addition we received warrants to purchase up to 3,237,000 ordinary shares of Alpha Tau. Further, we hold the Tranche A Note and Tranche B Note and in consideration of deferring Scilexs first amortization payment under the Tranche B Note to October 8, 2026, We have also investments in real estate and real estate lending transactions as described elsewhere in this Annual Report. In order not to be regulated as aninvestment companyunder the1940Act, unless we can qualify for an exclusion, we must ensure that we are engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting or trading in securities and that our activities do not include investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading investment securities constituting more than 40% of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We intend to continue to conduct our operations and ongoing investments into DNA, Entera, Nano, Pelthos, Alpha Tau, Lifeward and Scilex and our real estate transaction in a manner that will exempt us from the registration requirements of the 1940 Act. If we were to be deemed to be aninvestment companybecause of our investments, we would be required to register as aninvestment companyunder the 1940 Act. Alternatively, to continue qualifying for the exemption, we could be required to dispose of the securities holdings or other investments, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The 1940 Act places significant restrictions on the capital structure and corporate governance of a registeredinvestment company and materially restricts its ability to conduct transactions with affiliates. Compliance with the 1940 Act could also increase our operating costs. Such changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 24 **We may not realize the full benefit from our distribution license agreement with Medicox.** On November 13, 2022, we entered into a distribution license agreement or, the MedicoxLicense Agreement withMedicoxCo., Ltd. or Medicox. TheMedicoxLicense Agreement grantsMedicoxan exclusive license to apply for regulatory approval and distribute ORMD-0801 in the Republic of Korea. Our distribution license agreement with Medicox provides that Medicox will comply with agreed distribution targets and will purchase ORMD-0801 at an agreed upon transfer price per capsule and pay us up to $15,000,000 in developmental milestones, $2,000,000 of which have already been received by us. If we are not successful in finding a mutually agreed way to continue our collaboration following the results of the ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial, or if Medicox is not successful in independently advancing the oral insulin candidate, we may not realize the benefits from this collaboration. **We are highly dependent upon our ability to enter into agreements with collaborative partners to develop, commercialize and market our products.** Our long-term strategy is to ultimately seek a strategic commercial partner, or partners, such as large pharmaceutical companies, with extensive experience in the development, commercialization, and marketing of insulin applications and/or other orally digestible drugs. Such planned strategic partnership, or partnerships, may provide a marketing and sales infrastructure for our products as well as financial and operational support for global clinical trials, post marketing trials, label expansions and other regulatory requirements concerning future clinical development in the United States and elsewhere. We currently lack the resources to manufacture any of our product candidates on a large scale and we have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities. In the event we are not able to enter into a collaborative agreement with a partner, or partners, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, we may be unable to commercialize our products, which would have a material adverse effect upon our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. **The biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapid technological developments and a high degree of competition. We may be unable to compete with more substantial enterprises.** The biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapid technological developments and a high degree of competition. As a result, our products could become obsolete before we recoup any portion of our related research and development and commercialization expenses. These industries are highly competitive, and this competition comes both from biotechnology firms and from major pharmaceutical and chemical companies. Many of these companies have substantially greater financial, marketing and human resources than we do (including, in some cases, substantially greater experience in clinical testing, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products). We also experience competition in the development of our products from universities and other research institutions and compete with others in acquiring technology from such universities and institutions. We face the risk that new market entrants and existing competition may try to replicate our business model or introduce a more innovative offering that renders our services less competitive or obsolete. In addition, our research and development efforts may target diseases and conditions for which there are existing therapies or therapies that are being developed by our competitors. Further, any products resulting from our research and development efforts might not be able to compete successfully with others existing and future products. See Item 1. BusinessDescription of BusinessCompetition. **Our financial position or results could be negatively affected by product liability claims.** It is possible that we will be responsible for potential product liability stemming from product research, development or manufacturing and may face an even greater risk if any product candidate that we develop is commercialized. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against claims that products we develop independently or with our partners caused injuries, we could incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of the merit or eventual outcome of such claims, any liability claims may result in, among other things, decreased demand for any product that we may develop, loss of revenues, significant time and costs to defend the related litigation, initiation of investigations by regulators and injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention. On occasion, large judgments have been awarded in class action lawsuits based on drugs or medical treatments that had unanticipated adverse effects. Our clinical trials are covered by liability insurance, but notwithstanding such coverage, our financial position or results could be negatively affected by product liability claims. 25 **We have limited senior management resources and may be required to obtain more resources to manage our growth.** We expect the expansion of our business, as well as the activities we take as a result of our strategic review process, to place a significant strain on our limited managerial, operational and financial resources. We will be required to expand our operational and financial systems significantly and to expand, train and manage our work force in order to manage the expansion of our operations. Our failure to fully integrate our new employees into our operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel is critical to our operations and expansion. We face competition for these types of personnel from other technology companies and more established organizations, many of which have significantly larger operations and greater financial, technical, human and other resources than we have. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel on a timely basis, on competitive terms or at all. If we are not successful in attracting and retaining these personnel, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be materially adversely affected. See Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Item 1. BusinessDescription of BusinessEmployees. **We depend upon our senior management and skilled personnel and their loss or unavailability could put us at a competitive disadvantage.** We currently depend upon the efforts and abilities of our senior executives, as well as the services of several key consultants and other key personnel, including Dr. Miriam Kidron, our Chief Scientific Officer. The loss or unavailability of the services of any of these individuals for any significant period of time could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. We do not maintain key man life insurance policies for any of our senior executives. In addition, recruiting and retaining qualified scientific personnel to perform future research and development work will be critical to our success. There is currently a shortage of employees with expertise in developing, manufacturing and commercialization of products and related clinical and regulatory affairs, and this shortage is likely to continue. Competition for skilled personnel is intense and turnover rates are high. Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel may be limited. Our inability to attract and retain qualified skilled personnel would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. **Our existing and any future joint ventures may limit our flexibility with jointly owned investments and we may not realize the benefits we expect from these arrangements.** We are currently party to certain joint ventures, and we may in the future sell or contribute additional assets or acquire, develop or recapitalize assets to or in these joint ventures or other joint ventures that we may enter. Our participation in our existing joint ventures is subject to risks, including the following: | | | We share approval rights over certain major decisions affecting the ownership or operation of the joint ventures and any assets owned by the joint ventures; | | | | | We may need to contribute additional capital in order to preserve, maintain or grow the joint ventures and their investments; | | | | | Our joint venture investors may have economic or other business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals and that could affect our ability to fully benefit from the assets owned by the joint ventures; | | | | | Our joint venture investors may be subject to different laws or regulations than us, which could create conflicts of interest; | | | | | Our joint ventures may have license and other agreements with other investors, which we are not party to and have no control over; | | 26 | | | Our ability to sell our interests in, or sell additional assets to, the joint ventures or the joint ventures ability to sell additional interests of, or assets owned by, the joint ventures when we so desire are subject to the approval rights of the other joint venture investors under the terms of the agreements governing the joint ventures; and | | | | | Disagreements with our joint venture investors could result in litigation or arbitration that could be expensive and distracting to management and could delay important decisions. | | Any of the foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, these, similar, enhanced or additional risks, including possible risks of the other joint venture investors having licensed assets to the joint venture, may apply to any future additional or amended joint ventures that we may enter into. **Healthcare policy changes, including pending legislation recently adopted and further proposals still pending to reform the U.S. healthcare system, may harm our future business.** Healthcare costs have risen significantly over the past decade. There have been and continue to be proposals by legislators, regulators and third-party payors to keep these costs down. Certain proposals, if passed, would impose limitations on the prices we will be able to charge for the products that we are developing, or the amounts of reimbursement available for these products from governmental agencies or third-party payors. These limitations could in turn reduce the amount of revenues that we will be able to generate in the future from sales of our products and licenses of our technology. In 2010, the federal government enacted healthcare reform legislation that has significantly impacted the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to requiring most individuals to have health insurance and establishing new regulations on health plans, this legislation requires discounts under the Medicare drug benefit program and increased rebates on drugs covered by Medicaid. In addition, the legislation imposes an annual fee, which has increased annually, on sales by branded pharmaceutical manufacturers. There can be no assurance that our business will not be materially adversely affected by these increased rebates, fees and other provisions. In addition, these and other initiatives in the United States may continue the pressure on drug pricing, especially under the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and may also increase regulatory burdens and operating costs. The announcement or adoption of any such initiative could have an adverse effect on potential revenues from any product that we may successfully develop. An expansion in governments role in the U.S. healthcare industry may lower the future revenues for the products we are developing and adversely affect our future business, possibly materially. In September 2017, members of the U.S. Congress introduced legislation with the announced intention to repeal and replace major provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or the ACA. In addition to those efforts, on October 12, 2017, an executive order was issued that modified certain aspects of the ACA. Following several years of litigation in the federal courts, in June 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the ACA when it dismissed a legal challenge to the ACAs constitutionality. Further attempts to repeal or to repeal and replace the ACA may continue. In addition, various other healthcare reform proposals have also emerged at the federal and state level. We cannot predict what healthcare initiatives, if any, will be implemented at the federal or state level, or the effect any future legislation or regulation will have on us. **We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.** A considerable amount of our expenses are generated in dollars or in dollar-linked currencies, but a significant portion of our expenses such as some clinical trials and payroll costs are generated in other currencies such as NIS and Euro. Most of the time, our non-dollar assets are not totally offset by non-dollar liabilities. Due to the foregoing and to the fact that our financial results are measured in dollars, our results could be adversely affected as a result of a strengthening or weakening of the dollar compared to these other currencies. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the dollar depreciated in relation to the NIS, which raised the dollar cost of our Israeli based operations and adversely affected our financial results, while during the year ended December 31, 2024, the dollar increased in relation to the NIS, which reduced the dollar cost of our Israeli based operations costs. In addition, our results could also be adversely affected if we are unable to guard against currency fluctuations in the future. Although we may in the future decide to undertake foreign exchange hedging transactions to cover a portion of our foreign currency exchange exposure, we currently do not hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange risks. These transactions, however, may not adequately protect us from future currency fluctuations and, even if they do protect us, may involve operational or financing costs we would not otherwise incur. 27 **Our investments in real estate may expose us to market and liquidity risks that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations** Our investments in real estate may expose us to market and liquidity risks that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. On November 7, 2024, our Board approved investments of up to $10,000,000 in real estate assets, and additional investments of up to $20,000,000 On February 13, 2025. Following such approvals, we made investments into several real estate and related projects, including investment in Rabi Binyamin Project, purchase of land in Mevaseret Zion, Israel, investment in Ruby Sapphire II, construction loan arranged by Lorimer Capital. To the extent our real estate investments are unsecured, or if the security interest provided by a caveat is challenged, delayed in enforcement, or otherwise ineffective, we may have limited or no recourse against the underlying property. As a result, such investments involve a higher degree of risk, including the potential loss of principal and any expected returns. In addition,while we believe these investments present attractive opportunities, the real estate market is subject to fluctuations due to economic conditions, interest rate changes, and other external factors beyond our control. A downturn in the real estate market or an extended period of declining property values could negatively impact the returns on our investments. Additionally, real estate investments tend to be relatively illiquid, which may limit our ability to quickly exit or reallocate capital in response to market changes. Since our approach focuses on entrepreneurial real estate investments rather than direct property ownership or management, we are also exposed to risks associated with deal execution, market timing, and the financial health of investment partners or counterparties. If any of these risks materialize, they could adversely affect our financial position and ability to generate anticipated returns. **If Alpha Tau fails to achieve positive clinical results or obtain regulatory approvals, the value of our investment could decline materially, which may adversely affect our financial results.** In April 2025, we invested approximately $36.9 million in Alpha Tau through the purchase of its ordinary shares. The value of this investment is subject to risks and uncertainties. Alpha Tau is a clinical-stage oncology therapeutics company, and its ability to generate value depends largely on the successful development, clinical validation, regulatory approval, and commercialization of its product candidates. If Alpha Tau fails to achieve positive clinical results demonstrating the safety and efficacy of its technologies, experiences delays or setbacks in its clinical trials, or encounters difficulties in obtaining regulatory approvals, the market value of Alpha Taus ordinary shares could decline significantly. Negative or inconclusive clinical data may materially harm Alpha Taus business prospects, financial condition, and ability to raise additional capital, any of which could result in a substantial decrease the value of our investment. In addition, our investment exposes us to risks associated with market volatility, dilution from future financings by Alpha Tau, and factors beyond our control that may affect Alpha Taus operations or valuation. Any decline in the value of Alpha Taus ordinary shares could reduce the benefits we expect from this investment and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. **We have lent a substantial amount of funds to Scilex. In the event that Scilex is unable to service its obligations under the Note and defaults on such Note, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.** On September 21, 2023, we were issued the Tranche A Note in an aggregate principal amount of $101,875,000 by Scilex pursuant to the Scilex SPA. Interest under the Tranche A Note accrues at a fluctuating per annum interest rate equal to the sum of (1) the greater of (x) four percent (4%) and (y) Term SOFR (as defined in the Tranche A Note) and (2) eight and one half percent (8.5%), payable in-kind on a monthly basis. On October 7, 2024, we entered into an agreement to refinance a portion of the Tranche A Note and pay off certain other indebtedness of Scilex. We were issued an aggregate principal amount of $25,000,000 under the Tranche B Note and 3,750,000 Tranche B Warrants. In addition, on October 8, 2024, we entered into the RPA with Scilex to holds the right to receive 4% royalties. As of March 26, 2026, Scilex had repaid $69,200,000 of the Tranche A Note and $13,000,000 of the Tranche B Note, and the outstanding principal balances were $7,675,000 and $12,000,000, respectively. 28 There is no guarantee that Scilex will be able to service its repayment obligations under the Note. Although the Note is secured by a first priority security interest and liens on all of the assets of Scilex and its subsidiaries, no assurance can be made that Scilex will be able to repay the Tranche A Note and Tranche B Notes, or the Notes, when due or that we will be able to foreclose on such assets and recover enough value upon the sale of such assets to repay the amounts owed to us. In such an event, we could lose all or a substantial portion of our loan investment. Additionally, Scilex has disclosed in its periodic reports filed with the SEC that there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. If Scilex is unable to continue as a going concern or defaults on the Notes, we may be unable to recover some or all of the principal amount of the Note, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. **The value of our investment into Lifeward may decline.** Pursuant to the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement, among other customary closing conditions, upon the closing of the OraTech Share Purchase, Lifeward issued to us a number of Lifeward Ordinary Shares and pre-funded warrants equal to 49.99% of the Lifewards fully diluted equity capitalization, subject to certain adjustments, as of closing. The value of this investment is subject to risks and uncertainties. Lifeward is a medical device company, and its ability to generate value depends largely on the successful development, regulatory approval, and commercialization of its products. Any decline in the value of Lifewards ordinary shares could reduce the benefits we expect from this investment. In addition, there is no guarantee that Lifeward will be able to service its repayment obligations under the Secured Promissory Note and the Notes issuable under the Lifeward Notes Purchase Agreement, as applicable. Although the Secured Promissory Note is secured by a lien on Lifewards cash and accounts receivable, and the Initial Notes are secured by a first priority security interest and liens on all of the assets of Lifeward, no assurance can be made that Lifeward will be able to repay the Secured Promissory Note or the Notes, as applicable, when due or that we will be able to foreclose on such assets and recover enough value upon the sale of such assets to repay the amounts owed to us. In such an event, we could lose all or a substantial portion of our loan investment. Additionally, Lifeward has disclosed in its periodic reports filed with the SEC that there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. If Lifeward is unable to continue as a going concern or defaults on the Secured Promissory Note or the Notes, we may be unable to recover some or all of the principal amount of the Secured Promissory Note or the Notes, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. **Risks Related to our Common Stock** **Future sales of our common stock by our existing stockholders could adversely affect our stock price.** The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the market, or the perception that these sales could occur. We experienced a significant decline in the market price of our common stock and a significant increase in trading volume after announcing the results of our ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial in January 2023. Any strategic decision we make as a result of our strategic review process may also negatively affect our common stock price or cause volatility in the market price of our common stock. Sales of large amounts of our securities or large variations in trading volume might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. As of March 26, 2026, we had outstanding 40,446,179 shares of common stock, a large majority of which are freely tradable. Giving effect to the exercise in full of all of our outstanding warrants, options and restricted stock units, or RSUs, including those currently unexercisable or unvested, we would have outstanding 45,887,558 shares of common stock. 29 **Our issuance of warrants, options and RSUs to investors, employees and consultants may have a negative effect on the trading prices of our common stock as well as a dilutive effect.** We have issued and may continue to issue warrants, options, RSUs and convertible notes at, above or below the current market price. As of March 26, 2026, we had outstanding warrants exercisable for 20,000 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $4.13 and options exercisable for 1,548,633 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $7.1. We also had outstanding RSUs for 1,707,383 shares of common stock. In addition to the dilutive effect of a large number of shares of common stock and a low exercise price for the warrants and options, there is a potential that a large number of underlying shares of common stock may be sold in the open market at any given time, which could place downward pressure on the trading of our common stock. **Our failure to maintain compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Markets continued listing requirements could result in the delisting of our common stock.** **** Our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. In order to maintain this listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires the minimum bid price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market to remain above $1.00. If the bid price of our common stock closes below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days, we would be in violation of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we would have 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the minimum bid requirement. While we intend to engage in efforts to maintain compliance, and thus maintain our listing, there can be no assurance that we will continue to meet all applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements in the future, especially in light of any strategic transaction we may choose to undertake. If our common stock were removed from listing with the Nasdaq Capital Market, it may be subject to the so-called penny stock rules. The SEC has adopted regulations that define a penny stock to be any equity security that has a market price per share of less than $5.00, subject to certain exceptions, such as any securities listed on a national securities exchange, which is the exception on which we currently rely. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers, subject to certain exceptions. If our common stock were delisted and determined to be a penny stock, a broker-dealer may find it more difficult to trade our common stock and an investor may find it more difficult to acquire or dispose of our common stock on the secondary market. If our common stock is delisted and there is no longer an active trading market for our shares, it may, among other things: cause stockholders difficulty in selling our shares without depressing the market price for the shares or selling our shares at all; substantially impair our ability to raise additional funds; result in a loss of institutional investor interest and fewer financing opportunities for us; and/or result in costly litigation, significant liabilities and diversion of our managements time and attention and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, business and results of operations. A delisting would also reduce the value of our equity compensation plans, which could negatively impact our ability to retain employees. **As the market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, this may make it difficult for you to sell your shares of common stock when you want or at prices you find attractive.** The price of our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market and on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and constantly changes. In recent years, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. We expect that the market price of our common stock will continue to fluctuate. These fluctuations may result from a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. For example, we experienced a significant decline in the market price of our common stock after announcing the results of our ORA-D-013-1 Phase 3 trial in January 2023. These factors include: | | | market acceptance of our new strategy, once determined and announced; | | | | | clinical trial results and the timing of the release of such results; | | | | | the amount of cash resources and our ability to obtain additional funding; | | 30 | | | announcements of research activities, business developments, technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors; | | | | | entering into or terminating strategic relationships; | | | | | changes in government regulation; | | | | | departure of key personnel; | | | | | disputes concerning patents or proprietary rights; | | | | | changes in expense level; | | | | | future sales of our equity or equity-related securities; | | | | | public concern regarding the safety, efficacy or other aspects of the products or methodologies being developed; | | | | | activities of various interest groups or organizations; | | | | | media coverage; and | | | | | status of the investment markets. | | **Future sales of common stock or the issuance of securities senior to our common stock or convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, our common stock could materially adversely affect the trading price of our common stock, and our ability to raise funds in new equity offerings.** Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, including pursuant to any strategic opportunity, the ATM Agreement (as defined below), or other equity-related securities in the public market or privately, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect prevailing trading prices of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity or other equity-related securities. We anticipate that we will need to raise capital through offerings of equity and equity related securities. We can make no prediction as to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares of our common stock or equity-related securities, or the availability of shares of common stock for future sale, will have on the trading price of our common stock. **Our stockholders may experience significant dilution as a result of any additional financing using our equity securities.** To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, including in connection with any strategic opportunity or pursuant to the ATM Agreement, our stockholders may experience significant dilution. Additionally, we may, from time to time or in connection with a strategic alternative, issue additional shares of common stock at a discount from the current trading price of our common stock. As a result, our stockholders would experience immediate dilution upon the purchase of any shares of our common stock sold at such discount. In addition, as opportunities present themselves, we may enter into financing or similar arrangements in the future, including the issuance of convertible debt securities, preferred stock or common stock. If we issue common stock or securities convertible into common stock, our common stockholders would experience additional dilution and, as a result, our stock price may decline. 31 **Risks Related to Conducting Business in Israel** **We are affected by the political, economic and military risks of having operations in Israel.** We have operations in the State of Israel, and we are directly affected by political, economic and security conditions in that country. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors and a state of hostility, varying in degree and intensity, has led to security and economic problems for Israel. In addition, acts of terrorism, armed conflicts or political instability in the region could negatively affect local business conditions and harm our results of operations. We cannot predict the effect on the region of any diplomatic initiatives or political developments involving Israel or the Palestinians or other countries and territories in the Middle East. Recent political events, including political uprisings, social unrest and regime change, in various countries in the Middle East and North Africa have weakened the stability of those countries and territories, which could result in extremists coming to power. In addition, Iran has threatened to attack Israel and is widely believed to be developing nuclear weapons. Iran is also believed to have a strong influence among extremist groups in the region, such as Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon. This situation has escalated in the past and may potentially escalate in the future to violent events which may affect Israel and us. On October 7, 2023, the State ofIsraelwas attacked by and subsequently declared war on Hamas. Israel has been in an ongoing state of war with Hamas since that time. Following the attack by Hamas, Hezbollah, a terrorist organization in Lebanon has also launched missile, rocket, and shooting attacks against Israeli military sites, troops, and Israeli towns in northern Israel. In response to these attacks, the Israeli army has carried out a number of targeted strikes on sites belonging to Hezbollah in southern Lebanon and in October 2024, the Israeli military initiated a ground operation in Lebanon, primarily near the Israel-Lebanon border. In November 2024, Israel entered into a ceasefire agreement with Hezbollah, but there are no guarantees as to whether the agreement will hold or whether further hostilities will resume. During 2024, Iran launched missile and unmanned aerial vehicle, or UAV, attacks on Israel. Most of the missiles and UAVs were intercepted by Israels defense systems, with support from the United States and other countries, including regional allies, preventing significant damage and resulting in no casualties. Despite the successful interceptions, the attacks posed an elevated threat to Israels security. On June 13, 2025, in light of continued nuclear threats and intelligence assessments indicating imminent attacks, Israel launched a preemptive strike directly targeting military and nuclear infrastructure inside Iran aimed to disrupt Irans capacity to coordinate or launch further hostilities against Israel, as well as disrupt its nuclear program. For 12 days, both sides launched attacks against one another, with Iran targeting civilian infrastructure. As a result of the escalation with Iran, Israel temporarily closed its airspace and ceased all port activity related to commercial shipments. On June 22, 2025, the U.S. military joined Israel in launching strikes directly targeting nuclear infrastructure in Iran. A U.S. brokered ceasefire took effect on June 24, 2025. On February 28, 2026, Israel and the United States commenced coordinated military strikes against targets in Iran, including military and strategic infrastructure in response to ongoing regional tensions and recent escalations involving Irans nuclear and military activities. In response, Iran launched a series of retaliatory attacks against Israel, targeting major cities and strategic sites, which are ongoing. While most of these attacks have been intercepted to date, some resulted in civilian casualties and damage to property. Subsequently, Hezbollah launched attacks against Israel in retaliation for the killing of Ali Hosseini Khamenei, the former Supreme Leader of Iran, and in response, Israel launched attacks against Lebanon and Israeli ground forces have entered into Southern Lebanon, and hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah are ongoing. Iran subsequently began launching retaliatory strikes against U.S. and other targets in the Gulf region. The Israeli government has raised its alert level nationwide, and the situation remains highly unstable, with ongoing exchanges of fire and heightened risk of further escalation. Regional and international responses are ongoing, and the risk of broader conflict in the Middle East has increased. 32 In addition, in December 2024, Baathist Syria, led by President Bashar al-Assad, collapsed during a major offensive by opposition forces made up of several competing rebel groups. In response, the Israeli Defense Forces took control over a United Nations-designated buffer zone over Mount Hermon that separates Israel and Syria. Simultaneously, Israel conducted targeted military strikes against military assets in Syria, aiming to eliminate any chemical weapons storage sites that could be used by rebel groups and further weaken Irans operational capabilities in the region. While the transitional government of Syria has indicated that it is interested in reconstruction and stability rather than a continuation of conflicts with Israel, there are no guarantees that there will be no future escalation of hostilities or that Syria will not permit other neighboring countries to launch attacks at Israel from its territory. All adult male and female permanent residents of Israel, unless exempt, may be required to perform military reserve duty annually. Additionally, all such residents are subject to being called to active duty at any time under emergency circumstances, and several hundred thousand Israeli military reservists were drafted to perform immediate military service during the current war with Hamas and other hostile elements, such as Hezbollah in Lebanon. Some of our employees may in the future be obligated to perform annual military reserve duty, although none were called up for reserves in the current war. If called up, such persons may be absent from their positions for a lengthy period of time. We can provide no assurance that such requirements will not have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations in the future, particularly if emergency circumstances occur. Although we believe that there is no immediate risk to our business operations related to these events, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected if such hostilities involving Israel continue or escalate or if trade or scientific cooperation between Israel and its current partners is interrupted or curtailed. Moreover, we cannot predict how the current conflicts in the Middle East will ultimately affect Israels economy in general, which may involve a downgrade in Israels credit rating by rating agencies (such as the recent downgrade by Moodys of its credit rating of Israel from A1 to A2, in October 2023 and further downgrade to Baa1 with a negative outlook in September 2024, as well as the downgrade of its outlook rating from stable to negative). We may also be targeted by cyber terrorists specifically because we are an Israeli-related company. As of the date of this report, regional security risks remain elevated, and there can be no assurance that conditions will not deteriorate further during 2026. **It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against us or our officers and directors and to assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel.** Almost all of our directors and officers are nationals and/or residents of countries other than the United States. As a result, service of process upon us, our Israeli subsidiary and our directors and officers, may be difficult to obtain within the United States. Furthermore, because the majority of our assets and investments, and most of our directors and officers are located outside the United States, it may be difficult for investors to enforce within the United States any judgments obtained against us or any such officers or directors. Additionally, it may be difficult to assert U.S. securities law claims in original actions instituted in Israel. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on a violation of U.S. securities laws because Israel is not the most appropriate forum in which to bring such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to such claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact, which can be a time-consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law. Subject to specified time limitations and legal procedures, under the rules of private international law currently prevailing in Israel, Israeli courts may enforce a U.S. judgment in a civil matter, including a judgment based upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws, as well as a monetary or compensatory judgment in a non-civil matter, provided that the following key conditions are met: | | | subject to limited exceptions, the judgment is final and non-appealable; | | | | | the judgment was given by a court competent under the laws of the state in which the court is located and is otherwise enforceable in such state; | | | | | the judgment was rendered by a court competent under the rules of private international law applicable in Israel; | | | | | the laws of the state in which the judgment was given provides for the enforcement of judgments of Israeli courts; | | | | | adequate service of process has been effected and the defendant has had a reasonable opportunity to present its arguments and evidence; | | 33 | | | the judgment and its enforcement are not contrary to the law, public policy, security or sovereignty of the State of Israel; | | | | | the judgment was not obtained by fraud and does not conflict with any other valid judgment in the same matter between the same parties; and | | | | | an action between the same parties in the same matter was not pending in any Israeli court at the time the lawsuit was instituted in the U.S. court. | | If any of these conditions are not met, Israeli courts will likely not enforce the applicable U.S. judgment. **General Risk Factors** **Changes to tax laws could have a negative effect on us or our stockholders.** At any time, the U.S. federal or state income tax laws, or the administrative interpretations of those laws, may be amended. Federal and state tax laws are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of the Treasury and state taxing authorities. Changes to the tax laws, regulations and administrative interpretations, which may have retroactive application, could adversely affect us. Our stockholders are encouraged to consult with their tax advisors about the potential effects that changes in law may have on them and their ownership of our securities. **Our business and operations would suffer in the event of computer system failures, cyber-attacks or deficiencies in our cyber-security.** Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems, and those of third parties on which we rely, are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, malware, natural disasters, terrorism, war, telecommunication and electrical failures, cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusions over the Internet, attachments to emails, persons inside our organization, or persons with access to systems inside our organization. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments, and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our product development programs. For example, the loss of clinical trial data from completed or ongoing or planned clinical trials could result in delays in our clinical trial efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security breach was to result in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur material legal claims and liability, and damage to our reputation, and the further development of our product candidates could be delayed. We also maintain compliance programs to address the potential applicability of restrictions against trading while in possession of material, nonpublic information generally and in connection with a cyber-security breach. However, a breakdown in existing controls and procedures around our cyber-security environment may prevent us from detecting, reporting or responding to cyber incidents in a timely manner and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and value of our stock. **Our management will have significant flexibility in using the net proceeds of any offering of securities.** We intend generally to use the net proceeds from any offerings of our securities for expenses related to our clinical trials, research and product development activities, and for general corporate purposes, including general working capital purposes. Our management will have significant flexibility in applying the net proceeds of any such offering and we will necessarily be using our capital when we decide on new strategic initiatives. The actual amounts and timing of expenditures will vary significantly depending on a number of factors, including the amount of cash used in our operations and our research and development efforts. Managements failure to use these funds effectively would have an adverse effect on the value of our common stock and could make it more difficult and costly to raise funds in the future. **Our stockholder rights plan, or poison pill, includes terms and conditions which could discourage a takeover or other transaction that stockholders may consider favorable.** **** On November 16, 2025, our Board declared a dividend of one common stock purchase right (a Right) for each outstanding share of common stock. The dividend was paid on November 27, 2025, to the stockholders of record at the close of business on November 27, 2025. Each Right initially entitles the registered holder to purchase from us one share of common stock at a price of $10.00 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment. The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement dated as of November 17, 2025, as the same may be amended from time to time, between us and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights agent. Until the earlier to occur of (i) 10 business days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons has become a person or group of affiliated or associated persons acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding shares of common stock (an Acquiring Person) or (ii) 10 business days (or such later date as may be determined by action of the Board prior to such time as any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person) following the commencement of, or public announcement of an intention to make, a tender or exchange offer the consummation of which would result in any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becoming an Acquiring Person (the earlier of such dates being called the Distribution Date), the Rights will be evidenced, with respect to certificates representing Common Stock (or book entry shares of common stock) outstanding as of the Record Date, by such certificates (or such book entry shares). In the event that any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person, each holder of a Right, other than Rights beneficially owned by the Acquiring Person (which will thereupon become void), will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise of a Right that number of shares of common stock (or cash, other assets, debt securities of the Company, or any combination thereof) having a market value of two times the exercise price of the Right. The Rights have certain anti-takeover effects, including potentially discouraging a takeover that stockholders may consider favorable. The Rights will cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire us on terms not approved by the board of directors. 34 **Delaware law could discourage a change in control, or an acquisition of us by a third party, even if the acquisition would be favorable to you, and thereby adversely affect existing stockholders.** The Delaware General Corporation Law contains provisions that may have the effect of making more difficult or delaying attempts by others to obtain control of the Company, even when these attempts may be in the best interests of stockholders. Delaware law imposes conditions on certain business combination transactions with interested stockholders. These provisions and others that could be adopted in the future could deter unsolicited takeovers or delay or prevent changes in our control or management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares of common stock over then current market prices. These provisions may also limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests. **ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.** Not applicable. **ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY.** The Board recognizes the critical importance of maintaining the trust and confidence of our business partners, employees and clinical trial participants. The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing our policies with respect to cybersecurity risks and relevant contingent liabilities and risks that may be material to the Company, including risks from third parties and business partners. We generally seek to address cybersecurity risks by implementing security measures on our internal computer systems and ensuring that third parties and business partners implement similar measures. These security measures include firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, anti-malware functionality and access controls, which are evaluated by our external IT consultant and improved through vulnerability assessments and cybersecurity threat intelligence. Our Chief Operating and Business Officer is responsible for implementing protection measures for our information systems from cybersecurity threats and promptly responding to any cybersecurity incidents. To date, risks from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected us and we do not currently believe any risks from cybersecurity threats are reasonably likely to affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. For further information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors, under Our business and operations would suffer in the event of computer system failures, cyber-attacks or deficiencies in our cyber-security. **ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.** Our corporate headquarters is located at 1185 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036. We currently lease approximately 2,842 square feet of office space at 20 Mamilla Street, Jerusalem, Israel under a lease that expires in August 31, 2030. We believe that our existing facilities are suitable and adequate to meet our current business requirements. In the event that we should require additional or alternative facilities, we believe that such facilities can be obtained on short notice at competitive rates. **ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.** From time to time, we are a party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. Future litigation may be necessary to defend ourselves by determining the scope, enforceability, and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish our proprietary rights. **ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.** Not applicable. 35 **PART II** **** **ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.** **** **Common Stock** Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market and on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, in each case under the symbol ORMP. **** **Holders** As of March 26, 2026, there were 40,446,179 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding held of record by approximately 40 registered stockholders. We believe that a significant number of stockholders hold their shares of our common stock in brokerage accounts and registered in the name of stock depositories and are therefore not included in the number of stockholders of record. **** **Dividend** **** On December 31, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock, warrants and RSUs, payable to stockholders of record as of January 16, 2026. The aggregate amount of the dividend is $10,870. We do not expect that we will pay any dividends or other distributions to stockholders in the foreseeable future. **Shareholder Rights Plan** On November 16, 2025, our Board declared a dividend of one common stock purchase right (a Right) for each outstanding share of common stock. The dividend was paid on November 27, 2025, to the stockholders of record at the close of business on November 27, 2025. Each Right initially entitles the registered holder to purchase from us one share of common stock at a price of $10.00 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment. The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement dated as of November 17, 2025, as the same may be amended from time to time, between us and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights agent. Until the earlier to occur of (i) 10 business days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons has become a person or group of affiliated or associated persons acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding shares of common stock (an Acquiring Person) or (ii) 10 business days (or such later date as may be determined by action of the Board prior to such time as any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person) following the commencement of, or public announcement of an intention to make, a tender or exchange offer the consummation of which would result in any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becoming an Acquiring Person (the earlier of such dates being called the Distribution Date), the Rights will be evidenced, with respect to certificates representing Common Stock (or book entry shares of common stock) outstanding as of the Record Date, by such certificates (or such book entry shares). In the event that any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person, each holder of a Right, other than Rights beneficially owned by the Acquiring Person (which will thereupon become void), will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise of a Right that number of shares of common stock (or cash, other assets, debt securities of the Company, or any combination thereof) having a market value of two times the exercise price of the Right. **Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds** No unregistered sales of equity securities were made during the three months ended December 31, 2025. that were not previously reported in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K. 36 **Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities** In June 2024, our Board authorized a stock buyback and retirement program or, the Buy-Back Program pursuant to which we may, from time to time, repurchase up to $20,000,000 in maximum value of our common stock. Share repurchases may be executed through various means, including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. The Buy-Back Program does not obligate us to purchase any shares and the initial term was set to expire in June 2025. On May 21, 2025, our Board authorized a one-year extension of the Buy-Back Program, which was set to expire in June 2026. The authorization for the Buy-Back Program may be terminated, increased or decreased by our Board in its discretion at any time. During 2025 and 2024, we have repurchased and retired shares of our common stock under the Buy-Back Program. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we repurchased an aggregate of 899,609 in shares of common stock for $2,155,000, including approximately $6,000 of excise tax, at an average price of $2.39 per share, and during the year ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased an aggregate of 1,036,976 shares of common stock for $2,494,000, including $10 of excise tax, at an average price of $2.40 per share. All repurchases were funded with cash on hand. On October 20, 2025, we entered into a separate stock repurchase agreement with HTIT pursuant to which HTIT agreed to sell to us 1,155,367 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2.23 per share for an aggregate price of $2,584,000, including approximately $8,000 of excise tax. Following such repurchase, the shares were cancelled and retired. The following sets forth information with respect to repurchase and retirement made by the Company of its shares of common stock during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2025: | Period | | Totalnumberof shares purchased | | | Average price paid per share | | | Totalnumberof shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | | | Approximate dollarvalueof sharesthatmayyetbe purchasedunder theplansor programs | | | | October 1-31, 2025 | | | 1,155,367 | | | $ | 2.23 | | | | - | | | $ | 16,794,198 | | | | November 1-30, 2025 | | | 570,366 | | | $ | 2.50 | | | | 570,366 | | | $ | 15,366,989 | | | | December 1-31, 2025 | | | - | | | $ | - | | | | - | | | $ | 15,366,989 | | | | Total | | | 1,725,733 | | | | 2.32 | | | | | | | | 15,366,989 | | | 37 **ITEM 6. [RESERVED]** **** **ITEM 7. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.** ** *The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere herein and in our audited consolidated financial statements.* ** *In addition to our audited consolidated financial statements, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Item 1A. Risk Factors.* **** **Overview of Operations** We are a pharmaceutical company engaged in the research and development of innovative pharmaceutical solutions with a technology platform that allows for the oral delivery of therapeutic proteins. In addition, we allocate capital to strategic investments in healthcare and life sciences companies that we believe complement our long-term business objectives and technology focus. For additional information regarding our business and operations, please refer to Item 1 Business. **Reportable Segment** **** Our single reportable segment is focused on research and development activities related to our proprietary products and technologies. **** **Recent Developments** **** *Scilex Warrant Agreement* **** In October 2025, we agreed to defer an amortization payment due from Scilex on October 1, 2025 under the amortization schedule included in the Tranche B Notes. The deferred amortization payment was subsequently paid to us in November 2025. In consideration for this deferral, Scilex agreed to issue to us warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of Scilexs common stock, par value $0.0001 per share with an exercise price of $20. The warrants were issued on February 19, 2026. Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement On January 12, 2026, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement or, the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement with Lifeward and OraTech pursuant to which Lifeward acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of OraTech from us or the Share Purchase Transaction. Prior to the closing, we transferred to OraTech all intellectual property and related assets relating to our POD (Protein Oral Delivery) technology platform, together with cash to fund the next planned clinical trial and related development activities. As a result, commencing on the closing date of March 25, 2026, research and development expenses will be borne by Oratech. 38 In consideration for the acquisition of Oratech, Lifeward issued to us: (i) Lifeward Ordinary Shares and pre-funded warrants to purchase Lifeward Ordinary Shares representing up to 49.99% of Lifewards fully diluted equity capitalization at closing, subject to adjustments, which represents less than 45.0% of the outstanding Lifeward Ordinary Shares at closing; (ii) warrants to purchase Lifeward Ordinary Shares equal to the quotient of Lifewards net cash at closing divided by an exercise price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026 (which adjusted the original exercise price of $0.45 per share), subject to adjustments or, the Share Purchase Warrants; and (iii) revenue-sharing payments equal to 4% of the net revenue from Lifewards ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton products and related extended warranties for up to 10 years following closing, subject to certain caps and early termination upon the occurrence of specified events. The closing of the Share Purchase Transaction was subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of Lifewards shareholders for the issuance of more than 19.99% of Lifeward Ordinary Shares in accordance with Nasdaq listing standards. Such shareholder approval was obtained on March 12, 2026. The closing of the Share Purchase Transaction took place on March 25, 2026. In connection with the transaction, Lifeward agreed to file a resale registration statement with the SEC covering the Lifeward Ordinary Shares issued in the transaction and those issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants and warrants described above as soon as practicable following closing, but no later than 75 days after closing, and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective within 75 days after closing (or 105 days in the event of a full SEC review). *Pre-Funded Warrants and Share Purchase Warrants* The Share Purchase Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance at an initial exercise price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026 (which adjusted the original exercise price of $0.45 per share), and expire five years from the date of issuance. The exercise price is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.0012 per share (reflecting the reverse-split adjusted price of the original $0.0001 per share), subject to customary adjustments, and will remain exercisable until exercised in full. We may not exercise any portion of the Pre-Funded Warrants or Share Purchase Warrants to the extent that, after giving effect to such exercise, we and our affiliates would beneficially own more than 45.0% of the outstanding Lifeward Ordinary Shares. This limitation will automatically increase to 49.99% once (i) the Investors no longer hold any Notes and (ii) the Investors have sold all Note Shares issued or issuable upon conversion of the Notes and related warrants. We may increase the beneficial ownership limitation upon at least 61 days prior notice to Lifeward; provided that, for so long as certain Lifeward warrants outstanding as of the issuance date remain outstanding, any such increase will require Lifewards consent, which may not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. In connection with the execution of the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement, we entered into a lock-up agreement for a period of 120 days after the Closing, without the prior written consent of Lifeward. 39 *Clinical Trial Management Agreement* In connection with the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement, we agreed to enter into a clinical trial management or, the Clinical Trial Management Agreement with Oratech, pursuant to which we agreed to manage the clinical study of Oratechs investigational oral insulin capsule product or, the Study, including providing clinical trial management and administrative services through study completion or, the Services. In consideration for the Services, OraTech will reimburse us for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred by us in providing the Services and payments made on behalf of OraTech to third parties and vendors, such as clinical sites, if applicable, subject to certain limitations and maximum payments as set forth in the Clinical Trial Management Agreement. The Clinical Trial Management Agreement will terminate upon completion of the Study unless earlier terminated in accordance with the terms set forth therein. Notes Securities Purchase Agreement On January 12, 2026, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement or, the Lifeward Notes Purchase Agreement with Lifeward and other investors pursuant to which we agreed to purchase, in a private placement, up to $18,000,000 of senior secured convertible notes issued by Lifeward, together with accompanying warrants to purchase Lifeward Ordinary Shares. At the initial closing, we purchased $9,000,000 aggregate principal amount of such notes or, the Initial Notes. The Initial Notes bear interest at 8% per annum, payable semi-annually, and mature three years from the date of issuance. The Initial Notes are convertible into Lifeward Ordinary Shares at an initial conversion price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026 (which adjusted the original conversion price of $0.45 per share), subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. We also agreed to purchase an additional $9,000,000 aggregate principal amount of notes or, the Additional Notes and together with the Initial Notes, or, the Notes, together with accompanying warrants, on substantially the same terms as the Initial Notes. The closing of the Additional Notes is subject to customary closing conditions and either: (i) Lifeward achieving at least a 150% increase in ReWalk unit sales compared to the trailing twelve-month period immediately preceding the Additional Closing; or (ii) the closing price of Lifeward Ordinary Shares equaling or exceeding $13.80 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split (which adjusted the original $1.15 threshold), for 10 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the Additional Closing. The closing of the Initial Notes was subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of Lifewards shareholders for the issuance of more than 19.99% of Lifeward Ordinary Shares in accordance with Nasdaq listing standards. Such shareholder approval was obtained on March 12, 2026. In connection with the transaction, Lifeward agreed to file a resale registration statement with the SEC covering the Lifeward Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes and exercise of the related warrants within 30 days after the Initial Closing, and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have the registration statement declared effective within 45 days thereafter (or 75 days in the event of a full SEC review). 40 **Results of Operations** The table and discussion that follows includes a comparison of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. For a comparison of our results of operations and financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023, see Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 27, 2025. | | | Year ended December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | | | (dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data) | | | | Revenues | | $ | 2,000 | | | $ | - | | | | Cost of revenue | | | (1,987 | ) | | | - | | | | Gross profit | | | 13 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Research and development expenses | | | (6,381 | ) | | | (6,324 | ) | | | General and administrative expenses | | | (8,720 | ) | | | (6,457 | ) | | | Other income, net | | | 958 | | | | - | | | | Interest expenses | | | - | | | | (853 | ) | | | Financial income (expenses), net | | | 89,454 | | | | (2,286 | ) | | | Income (loss) before tax expenses | | | 75,324 | | | | (15,920 | ) | | | Tax expenses | | | (11,308 | ) | | | (3,183 | ) | | | Net income (loss) for the Year | | | 64,016 | | | | (19,103 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Net income (loss) attributable to: | | | | | | | | | | | Non-controlling interest | | | (34 | ) | | | (43 | ) | | | Companys stockholders | | | 64,050 | | | | (19,060 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Basic income (loss) per share of common stock | | $ | 1.53 | | | $ | (0.48 | ) | | | Diluted income (loss) per share of common stock | | $ | 1.50 | | | $ | (0.48 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted average number of shares of common stock used in computing basic income (loss) per share of common stock | | | 41,402,997 | | | | 40,850,446 | | | | Weighted average number of shares of common stock used in computing diluted income (loss) per share of common stock | | | 42,418,644 | | | | 40,850,446 | | | **Revenues** On November 30, 2015, we entered into a Technology License Agreement, with HTIT and on December 21, 2015, the parties entered into an Amended and Restated Technology License Agreement that was further amended by the parties on June 3, 2016 and July 24, 2016 or, the HTIT License Agreement. On February 7, 2025, we and HTIT entered into the JV Agreement, amending the Initial JV Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the JV Agreement, we and HTIT irrevocably agreed to the mutual release and waiver of (i) any claims and demands against each party in connection with the HTIT License Agreement, and (ii) all rights, obligations and liabilities set out and arising with respect to the performance of the HTIT License Agreement. We recognized $2,000,000 revenue related to the HTIT License Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2025, while there were no revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024. 41 **** **Cost of Revenues** On February 18, 2025, we received approval from Israel Innovation Authority or, the IIA, to transfer all of our IIA-funded technology to OraTech in accordance with the terms of the JV Agreement. This approval was granted upon the condition that we pay the aggregate IIA grant amount, plus accrued interest, less all royalties paid to date. On February 27, 2025, we fulfilled our payment obligation by remitting approximately $2,046,000 to the IIA, and as result we have no further obligations to the IIA. $1,987,000 of the amount is recognized in cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025. The amount of $59,000 was recognized in previous periods. There were no costs of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024. **** **Research and Development Expenses** Research and development expenses include costs directly attributable to the conduct of research and development programs, including the cost of salaries, employee benefits, costs of materials, supplies, the cost of services provided by outside contractors, including services related to our clinical trials, clinical trial expenses, the full cost of manufacturing drugs for use in research and preclinical development. All costs associated with research and development are expensed as incurred. Clinical trial costs are a significant component of research and development expenses and include costs associated with third-party contractors. We outsource a substantial portion of our clinical trial activities, utilizing external entities such as CROs, independent clinical investigators and other third-party service providers to assist us with the execution of our clinical trials. Clinical activities which relate principally to clinical sites and other administrative functions to manage our clinical trials are performed primarily by CROs. CROs typically perform most of the start-up activities for our trials, including document preparation, site identification, screening and preparation, pre-study visits, training and program management. Clinical trial and preclinical trial expenses include regulatory and scientific consultants compensation and fees, research expenses, purchase of materials, cost of manufacturing of the oral insulin and exenatide capsules, payments for patient recruitment and treatment, as well as salaries and related expenses of research and development staff. Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased by 1% to approximately $6,381,000, compared to approximately $6,324,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower raw materials expenses, which was partially offset by an increase in CRO expenses. 42 **Government Grants** The Government of Israel encourages research and development projects through the IIA, pursuant to the R&D Law. Under the R&D Law, a research and development plan that meets specified criteria is generally eligible for a grant of up to 50% of certain approved research and development expenditures. Each plan must be approved by the IIA. The R&D Law generally requires that a product developed under a program be manufactured in Israel. However, when applying for a grant, the applicant may declare that part of the manufacturing will be performed outside of Israel or by non-Israeli residents and if the IIA is convinced that performing some of the manufacturing abroad is essential for the execution of the program, it may still approve the grant. This declaration will be a significant factor in the determination of the IIA as to whether to approve a program and the amount and other terms of the benefits to be granted. If a company wants to increase the volume of manufacturing outside of Israel after the grant has been approved, it may transfer up to 10% of the companys approved Israeli manufacturing volume, measured on an aggregate basis, outside of Israel after first notifying the IIA thereof (provided that the IIA does not object to such transfer within 30 days). In addition, upon the approval of the IIA, a portion greater than 10% of the manufacturing volume may be performed outside of Israel. In any case of transfer of manufacturing out of Israel, the grant recipient is required to pay royalties at an increased rate, which may be substantial, and the aggregate repayment amount is increased up to 120% or 150% of the grant received (dollar linked) with the addition of interest at an annual rate based on the SOFR rate, depending on the portion of the total manufacturing volume that is performed outside of Israel. The approval we received from the IIA for the License Agreement was subject to payment of increased royalties and an increased ceiling, all in accordance with the provisions of the R&D Law. The R&D Law further permits the IIA, among other things, to approve the transfer of manufacturing rights outside of Israel in exchange for the import of different manufacturing into Israel as a substitute, in lieu of the increased royalties. The R&D Law also provides that know-how developed under an approved research and development program and any derivatives thereof may not be transferred or licensed to third parties in Israel without the approval of the research committee, which approval may be subject to the payment of royalties from the sale. Such approval is not required for the sale or export of any products resulting from such research or development. The R&D Law further provides that the know-how developed under an approved research and development program and any derivatives thereof may not be transferred or licensed to any third parties outside Israel absent IIA approval which may be granted in certain circumstances as follows: (a) the grant recipient pays to the IIA a portion of the sale or license price paid in consideration for the purchase or license of such IIA-funded know-how or the price paid in consideration for the sale of the grant recipient itself, as the case may be, in accordance with certain formulas included in the tracks published under the R&D Law; (b) the grant recipient receives know-how from a third party in exchange for its IIA-funded know-how; or (c) such transfer of IIA-funded know-how is made in the context of IIA approved research and development cooperation projects or consortia. The R&D Law imposes reporting requirements with respect to certain changes in the ownership of a grant recipient. The R&D Law requires the grant recipient to notify the IIA of any change in control of the recipient or a change in the holdings of the means of control of the recipient that results in a non-Israeli entity or person becoming an interested party in the recipient, and requires the new non-Israeli interested party to undertake to the IIA to comply with the R&D Law. In addition, the rules of the IIA may require the provision of additional information or representations in respect of certain such events. For this purpose, control is defined as the ability to direct the activities of a company other than any ability arising solely from serving as an officer or director of the company. A person is presumed to have control if such person holds 50% or more of the means of control of a company. Means of control refers to voting rights or the right to appoint directors or the chief executive officer. An interested party of a company includes a holder of 5% or more of its outstanding share capital or voting rights, its chief executive officer and directors, someone who has the right to appoint its chief executive officer or at least one director, and a company with respect to which any of the foregoing interested parties holds 25% or more of the outstanding share capital or voting rights or has the right to appoint 25% or more of the directors. 43 Failure to meet the R&D Laws requirements may subject us to mandatory repayment of grants received by us (together with interest and penalties), as well as expose us to criminal proceedings. In addition, the Israeli government may from time to time audit sales of products which it claims incorporate technology funded through IIA programs which may lead to additional royalties being payable on additional products. Under the terms of the Companys funding from the IIA, royalties of 3% are payable on sales of products developed from a project so funded, up to a maximum amount equaling 100%-150% of the grants received (dollar linked) with the addition of interest at an annual rate based on SOFR. All grants were received before the year ended August 31, 2020, and recorded as a reduction of research and development expenses at that time. At the time the grants were received, successful development of the related projects was not assured. The total amount that was received through December 31, 2025, was approximately $2,213,000 ($2,570,000 including interest). **General and Administrative Expenses** General and administrative expenses include the salaries and related expenses of our management, consulting expenses, legal and professional fees, travel expenses, business development expenses, insurance expenses and other general expenses. General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased by 35% to approximately $8,720,000, compared to approximately $6,457,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was mainly due to an increase in stock-based compensation expenses and an increase in professional fees, which were partially offset by a decrease in D&O insurance expenses. **** **Interest Expenses** There were no interest expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to approximately $853,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, since the Short-Term Borrowings (as defined below) received from Discount Bank Ltd. were terminated during the second quarter of 2024. **** **Financial Income, Net** Net financial income was approximately $89,454,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to approximately $3,139,000 net financial expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to the revaluation of the investment in Alpha Tau and Scilex. **Tax on income** During the year ended December 31, 2025, we recognized tax expenses on income of approximately $11,308,000, compared to tax expenses on income of approximately $3,183,000 for year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in tax expense is primarily attributable to deferred tax expenses of approximately $8,095,000, mainly related to our investment in Alpha Tau, while the current tax expense is primarily attributable to Scilex. 44 **Liquidity and Capital Resources** From our inception through December 31, 2025, we have incurred losses in an aggregate amount of approximately $123,436,000. During that period and through December 31, 2025, we have financed our operations through several private placements of our common stock, as well as public offerings of our common stock, raising a total of approximately $255,384,000, net of transaction costs. During that period, we also received cash consideration of approximately $28,001,000 from the exercise of warrants and options. We expect to seek additional financing through similar sources in the future, as needed. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $45,947,000 of available cash and approximately $10,979,000 of short-term bank deposits. In addition, we hold various of interest in certain investments, including in Scilex, Alpha Tau, Hapisga and others, as further detailed in this report. From inception through December 31, 2025, we have not generated significant revenues from our operations (other than recognizing deferred revenue related to the HTIT License Agreement, as described above). Although, we have increased the research and development activities related to the new Phase 3 clinical trial, our research and development activities have been significantly reduced while we conducted a strategic review process, following the termination of the ORA-D-013-1 and ORA-D-013-2 Phase 3 trials. Following the preparation and expected initiation of the revised oral insulin clinical trial, we expect to incur increased research and development expenses in future periods, and we will need substantial additional funds. These expenses will be incurred through OraTech, as part of the Lifeward transaction. For additional information regarding see note 21 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. However, additional financing may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, including due to the difficult conditions in the capital markets. If we are unable to secure additional financing, we may be required to reduce our operations, divest certain assets, or take other measures that could materially adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition or results of operations. Based on our current cash resources and commitments, we believe we will be able to maintain our current planned activities and the corresponding level of expenditures for at least the next 12 months. On August 8, 2023, we borrowed an aggregate of $99,550,000 pursuant to loan agreements from Israel Discount Bank Ltd or, the Short-Term Borrowings. The Short-Term Borrowings mature on dates ranging from August 11, 2023 to May 24, 2024, bear interest ranging from 6.66% to 7.38%, were secured by certificates of deposits issued by Israel Discount Bank Ltd. having an aggregate face amount of $99,550,000. The net proceeds of the Short-Term Borrowings were used to fund the Tranche A Note. The Short-Term Borrowings were paid in one payment of principal and interest at each respective maturity. As of December 31, 2025, we repaid the entire Short-Term Borrowings amount. 45 As of December 31, 2025, our total current assets were approximately $133,271,000 and our total current liabilities were approximately $19,086,000. On December 31, 2025, we had a working capital surplus of approximately $114,185,000 and an accumulated loss of approximately $123,436,000. As of December 31, 2024, our total current assets were approximately $143,221,000 and our total current liabilities were approximately $5,685,000. On December 31, 2024, we had a working capital surplus of approximately $137,536,000 and an accumulated loss of approximately $176,616,000. The decrease in working capital surplus was mainly due to dividends payable together with a decrease in cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposits that was partially offset by an increase in investments at fair value and marketable securities. During the year ended December 31, 2025, cash and cash equivalents decreased to approximately $45,947,000 from approximately $54,420,000 as of December 31, 2024. The decrease was mainly due to the reasons described below. Operating activities used cash of approximately $9,145,000 in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to approximately $8,412,000 used in the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash used in operating activities primarily consisted of research and development expenses, and general and administrative expenses. Investing activities provided cash of approximately $5,443,000 in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to approximately $105,817,000 provided in the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash provided by investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2025 consisted primarily of proceeds from short-term deposits and proceeds from repayments by Scilex, partially offset by purchase of short-term deposits and investments at fair value in Alpha Tau, Hapisga, Lifeward and marketable securities. Cash provided by investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024, consisted primarily of proceeds from short-term deposits and proceeds from repayments by Scilex under the Tranche A Note. Financing activities used cash of approximately $4,741,000 in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to cash of approximately $52,036,000 used in the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash used for financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2025, consisted primarily of purchase of treasury shares. Cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024, consisted primarily of repayments of the Short-Term Borrowings and repurchases of our shares. Our primary financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025, were as follows: | | In June 2024, our Board authorized a stock buyback and retirement program pursuant to which we may, from time to time, repurchase up to $20,000,000 in maximum value of our common stock. Share repurchases may be executed through various means, including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act or, the Buy-Back Program. The Buy-Back Program does not obligate us to purchase any shares and expires in 12 months. The authorization for the Buy-Back Program may be terminated, increased or decreased by our Board in its discretion at any time. On May 21, 2025, our board of directors authorized a one-year extension of the Buy-Back Program, which was set to expire in June 2026. | | | | During 2025 and 2024, we have repurchased and retired shares of our common stock under the Buy-Back Program. In 2025, we repurchased 899,609 shares for $2,155, including $6 of excise tax, at an average price of $2.39 per share and in 2024, we repurchased 1,036,976 shares for $2,494, including $10 of excise tax, at an average price of $2.4 per share. All repurchases were funded with cash on hand. | | | | On October 20, 2025, we entered a separate share repurchase agreement with HTIT pursuant to which HTIT sold back to us 1,155,367 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2.23 per share for an aggregate price of $2,584,000, including $8 of excise tax. Following such repurchase, the shares were cancelled and retired. | | 46 **Trend Information** Concurrently, we are examining our existing pipeline and have commenced an evaluation process of potential strategic opportunities, with the goal of enhancing value for our stockholders. At this time, we cannot foresee how these strategic decisions will impact our financial results and operations. **** **Planned Expenditures** In previous years, we primarily invested in research and development. If we proceed to conduct a new clinical trial for our oral insulin candidate, we expect that in the upcoming years our research and development expenses will continue to be our major operating expense; however, if this clinical trial is conducted through OraTech, these costs will be borne by OraTech and not by us. In addition, consistent with our broader corporate strategy, we may allocate capital to selected strategic initiatives and collaborations intended to support long-term growth and diversification of our business. **Critical Accounting Estimates** Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in the notes to our accompanying consolidated financial statements. We believe that the accounting policy below is critical for one to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations. The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which we prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate such estimates and judgments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. **Investments at fair value**: On September 21, 2023 and on October 7, 2024 we entered into the 2023 Scilex Transaction and 2024 Refinancing, respectively. We elected the fair value option for each of the components under 2023 Scilex Transaction and 2024 Refinancing in order to reduce operational complexity of bifurcating embedded derivatives. Changes in value are recorded under financial income, net and include interest income on the Notes and Royalties received. Determining the fair value of the components above required significant judgment with regards to the expected repayment date of the Notes. The total value of the 2023 Scilex Transaction (and of each of its components) was valued on a weighted average of the different scenarios. 47 **** On September 4, 2024, we entered into a loan agreement to finance a real estate project or the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement. We decided to designate the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement as a whole under the fair-value option. The valuation of the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement was based on various project profit scenarios derived from the appraisers report. **** On March 24, 2025, we entered into a loan agreement to finance a real estate project, Hapisga. We decided to designate the loan agreement as a whole under the fair-value option. The valuation of the loan agreement was calculated in accordance with the weighted average expected cashflows of the loan. **** On April 24, 2025, we entered into a share purchase agreement and a services agreement with Alpha Tau (Alpha Tau SPA, Services Agreement). We decided to designate the Alpha Tau SPA and the Services Agreement as a whole under the fair-value option. The valuation of the Alpha Tau SPA was determined using the closing price of Alpha Taus ordinary shares, and the fair value of the warrants issued under the Services Agreement are calculated based on Black-Scholes model. On November 14, 2025, we entered into a secured note with Lifeward, pursuant to which Lifeward borrowed $3,000,000. The valuation of the note was determined using a binomial model. **** **ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.** As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 we are not required to provide information required by this item. **ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.** See Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. **ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.** None. **** **ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.** **** **Disclosure Controls and Procedures** Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2025. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. 48 **Managements Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting** Our management, under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act. The Companys internal control over financial reporting is defined as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that: | | pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and asset dispositions; | | | | provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and | | | | provide reasonable assurance regarding the prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements. | | Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 based on the current framework for Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) set forth by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that the Companys internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025 at a reasonable assurance level. **** **Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting** There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. **** **ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.** ** *10b5-1 Trading Arrangements* ** During the fourth fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025, none of the Companys directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K). **** **ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.** Not applicable. 49 **PART III** **** **ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.** **** **Directors and Executive Officers** The name and age of each of our directors and executive officers, his or her position with us and the period during which such person has served as a director or executive officer of the Company are set forth below. | Name | | Age | | Position | | Serving Since | | | | Nadav Kidron | | 51 | | President, Chief Executive Officer, Director and Chairman | | 2006 | | | | Dr. Miriam Kidron | | 85 | | Chief Scientific Officer and Director | | 2006 | | | | Avraham Gabay | | 41 | | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | | 2024 | | | | Joshua Hexter | | 55 | | Chief Operating & Business Officer | | 2019 | | | | Dr. Daniel Aghion | | 44 | | Director | | 2024 | | | | Dr. Arie Mayer | | 69 | | Director | | 2019 | | | | Yehuda Reznick | | 78 | | Director | | 2024 | | | | Benjamin Shapiro | | 42 | | Director | | 2023 | | | **Mr. Nadav Kidron**was appointed**President, Chief Executive Officer and director**in March 2006, and **Chairman of the Board** effective as of June 30, 2022. He is also Chairman of the board of MDG Real Estate Global, Ltd., director of Alpha Tau Medical Ltd., director of Israel Advanced Technology Industries organization and until 2016 was a director of Entera Bio Ltd. In 2009, he was a fellow at the Merage Foundation for U.S.-Israel Trade Programs for executives in the life sciences field. From 2003 to 2006, he was the managing director of the Institute of Advanced Jewish Studies at Bar Ilan University. From 2001 to 2003, he was a legal intern at Wine, Mishaiker & Ernstoff Law Offices in Jerusalem, Israel. Mr. Kidron holds an LL.B. and an International MBA from Bar Ilan University, Israel. We believe that Mr. Kidrons qualifications to serve on our Board include his familiarity with the Company as its founder, his experience in capital markets, as well as his knowledge and familiarity with corporate management. **** **Dr. Miriam Kidron**was appointed**Chief Scientific Officer and director**in March 2006. Dr. Kidron is a pharmacologist and a biochemist with a Ph.D. in biochemistry. From 1990 to 2007, Dr. Kidron was a senior researcher in the Diabetes Unit at Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem, Israel. Dr. Kidron was formerly a visiting professor at the Medical School at the University of Toronto (Canada), and is a member of the American, European and Israeli Diabetes Associations. Dr. Kidron is a recipient of the Bern Schlanger Award. We believe that Dr. Kidrons qualifications to serve on our Board include her expertise in the Companys technology, as it is based on her research, as well as her experience and relevant education in the fields of pharmacology and diabetes. **** 50 **** **Mr. Avraham Gabay**was appointed**Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary**in June 2024. Prior to his appointment, Mr. Gabay served as interim chief financial officer of BiomX Inc. (NYSE American: PHGE) during 2023. From 2021 until 2023, Mr. Gabay served as the chief financial officer at Oravax Inc., a 63% owned subsidiary of the Company. From 2019 until 2021, Mr. Gabay was the chief financial officer of the Company. From 2015 to 2019, Mr. Gabay served as VP Finance at Orcam Technologies Ltd. From 2014 to 2015, Mr. Gabay provided economic services in the advisory department of KPMG Israel, a certified public accounting firm, and from 2013 to 2014, he worked in the tax department of the law firm Gornitzky & Co. In addition, Mr. Gabay serves as a director on the board of Sade Real Estate YS Ltd. (TASE: SADE). Mr. Gabay holds a bachelors degree in law and accounting (magna cum-laude) from Tel-Aviv University, an MBA in healthcare innovation from Reichman University and is a certified public accountant in Israel and a member of the Israeli Bar Association. **** **Mr. Joshua Hexter**was appointed**Chief Operating and Business Officer** in September 2019. Mr. Hexter has been affiliated with Oramed since 2013, initially serving as Chief Operating Officer and VP Business Development from 2013 to 2018, and returning to the Company in his current role in 2019. In the intervening period, Mr. Hexter served as Chief Business Officer at BrainsWay Ltd. (Nasdaq/TASE: BWAY) from 2018 to 2019, a commercial stage medical device company focused on the development and sale of non-invasive neuromodulation products. Prior to that, Mr. Hexter was Executive Director at BioLineRx Ltd. (Nasdaq/TASE: BLRX) from 2007 to 2013, a biopharmaceutical development company dedicated to identifying, in-licensing and developing innovative therapeutic candidates. Prior to his employment with BioLineRx, Mr. Hexter was Chief Executive Officer of Biosensor Systems Design, Inc., a company developing market-driven biosensors. Mr. Hexter holds a bachelors degree from the University of Wisconsin and a masters degree in management. **** **Dr. Daniel Aghion** became a **director**in January 2024. Dr. Aghion has been a neurosurgeon at Memorial Neuroscience Institute in Florida since 2016, where he treats patients with a wide array of spine disorders, including severe degenerative spine diseases, spine trauma, cancer in the spine, spine tumors, peripheral nerve surgery and more. Dr. Aghion holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Michigan and an MD from the Sackler School of Medicine at Tel Aviv University. He completed his residency at Rhode Island Hospital in 2015, and a complex spine fellowship at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore in 2016. We believe that Dr. Aghions qualifications to serve on the Board include his extensive practical and academic medical background. **** **Dr. Arie Mayer** became a **director** in December 2019. Dr. Mayer is currently the Managing Director and Chairman of the Board of Sigma-Aldrich Israel Ltd. and has held that position since January 2010. Dr. Mayer has held various roles with Sigma-Aldrich Israel Ltd. since 1995 and was instrumental in introducing and developing the Cell Culture and Molecular Biology business for Sigma Aldrich Israel Ltd. Dr. Mayer holds a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from Hebrew University and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from Israel Institute of Technology. We believe that Dr. Mayers qualifications to serve on our Board include his experience as an executive in the biotechnology industry, with knowledge in managing large organizations, as well as his experience and relevant education in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry. **** **Mr. Yehuda Reznick**became a **director** in April 2024. Mr. Reznick served as an audit partner at Kesselman & Kesselman CPA, a member of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, from 1999 until 2014. Prior to joining Kesselman & Kesselman, he was a tax and audit partner at Shachak, Peer Reznick CPA for sixteen years. Since 2019, Mr. Reznick has also served on the board of directors of Hiron-Trade Investments & Industrial Buildings Ltd (TASE: HRON). Mr. Reznick previously served on the board of directors of Bonus Biogroup Ltd (OTC: BBIXF) from 2017 to 2023. 51 We believe that Mr. Reznicks qualifications to serve on the Board include his extensive operational experience and his business background and acumen. **Mr. Benjamin Shapiro**became a **director** in May 2023. Mr. Shapiro is a successful entrepreneur and business professional who co-founded The Daily Wire, a successful, industry leading, international media outlet in June 2015. Since May 2015, he has been host of The Ben Shapiro Show, a popular podcast, and he is the author of numerous New York Times best-selling books. Mr. Shapiro earned a B.A. in Political Science from UCLA in 2004, summa cum laude, and a law degree from Harvard Law School in 2007, cum laude. We believe that Mr. Shapiros qualifications to serve on the Board include his extensive operational experience and his business background and acumen. There is no arrangement or understanding between any of the directors or officers identified above and any other person pursuant to which he was selected as a director or officer. None of the directors or officers identified above is, or has been, a participant in any transaction involving the Company, and is not a participant in any proposed transaction with the Company, in each case, required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K, other than as described in the *Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence* section contained herein. **Board of Directors** There are no agreements with respect to the election of directors. Each director is currently elected for a period of one year at our annual meeting of stockholders and serves until the next such meeting and until his or her successor is duly elected or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. The Board may also appoint additional directors. A director so chosen or appointed will hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. Our Board has reviewed the independence of our directors based on the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market (Nasdaq). The Board has determined that Dr. Daniel Aghion, Dr. Arie Mayer, Yehuda Reznick and Benjamin Shapiro are independent as defined under the rules promulgated by the Nasdaq. We have determined that each of the directors is qualified to serve as a director of the Company based on a review of the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of each director. In reaching this determination, we have considered a variety of criteria, including, among other things: character and integrity; ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided, to exercise effective business judgment and to interact effectively with the other directors; and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a director. **Family Relationships** There are no family relationships among our directors or executive officers, except that Dr. Miriam Kidron is Mr. Nadav Kidrons mother. 52 **Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings** **** None of our directors or executive officers has been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years: **** | | any bankruptcy petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time; | | | | any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offences); | | | | being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his or her involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities; or | | | | being found by a court of competent jurisdiction (in a civil action), the SEC or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated. | | **Board Meeting Attendance** During the year ended December 31, 2025, our Board held six meetings and took action by written consent on four occasions. Except Mr. Benjamin Shapiro, all of our directors attended at least 75% of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board and the committees that were held during the period such director served on the Board. Board members are encouraged to attend our annual meetings of stockholders. **** **Board Evaluation Process** Our Board is committed to continuous improvement and conducts a board and committee evaluation process each year, to ensure that our Board maintains optimal composition and functions effectively. As part of this process, the members of our Board complete a confidential written assessment of the performance, oversight and composition of the Board and its committees that is submitted to the Company secretary. The results are then reported back to the full Board. After the evaluations, the Board and management work to improve upon any issues presented during the evaluation process and to identify opportunities that may lead to further improvement. 53 **Committees** ** *Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert* The members of our Audit Committee are Dr. Daniel Aghion, Dr. Arie Mayer and Yehuda Reznick. Our Board has determined that Mr. Reznick is an audit committee financial expert as set forth in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K based on his experience as set forth above, and that all members of the Audit Committee are independent as defined by the rules of the SEC and the Nasdaq rules and regulations. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter that is posted on the Investors section of our website, www.oramed.com. The primary responsibilities of our Audit Committee include: | | Overseeing the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Company and the audits of the financial statements of the Company; | | | | Appointing, compensating and retaining our registered independent public accounting firm; | | | | Overseeing the work performed by any outside accounting firm; | | | | Assisting the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities by reviewing: (i) the financial reports provided by us to the SEC, our stockholders or to the general public and (ii) our internal financial and accounting controls; | | | | Reviewing the Companys policies with respect to cyber security risks and relevant contingent liabilities and risks that may be material to the Company; | | | | Recommending, establishing and monitoring procedures designed to improve the quality and reliability of the disclosure of our financial condition and results of operations; and | | | | Reviewing major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures, and discussing the guidelines and polices to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken. | | Our Audit Committee met four times and took action by written consent on two occasions during the year ended December 31, 2025. ** *Investment Committee* ** The Board of Directors established an Investment Committee on June 5, 2025, to oversee our investment activities. The Investment Committee is composed of two members of the Board of Directors, currently including Dr. Daniel Aghion and Yehuda Reznick. The primary responsibilities of our Investment Committee include: | | Overseeing the Companys investment strategy and portfolio management; | | | | Reviewing the investment policies, asset allocations, and investment decisions; | | | | Monitoring and evaluating the performance of investments and assessing risk; | | 54 | | Providing regular reports and recommendations to the Board on the status and performance of the Companys investments; | | | | Approving major investment decisions, including acquisitions, divestitures, and large-scale investments; and | | | | Monitoring the Companys investments and consider the implications of the Companys investments and proposed investments under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) to ensure the Companys compliance with the 1940 Act. | | Our Investment Committee met one time and took action by written consent on one occasion during the year ended December 31, 2025. ** *Compensation Committee* For the year ended December 31, 2025, the members of our Compensation Committee were Dr. Daniel Aghion, Yehuda Reznick and Leonard Sank. Following Mr. Sanks resignation, the Compensation Committee is composed of Dr. Aghion and Mr. Reznick. The Board has determined that all of the members of the Compensation Committee are independent as defined by the rules of the SEC and Nasdaq rules and regulations. The Compensation Committee operates under a written charter that is posted on the Investors section of our website, www.oramed.com. The primary responsibilities of our Compensation Committee include: | | Reviewing, negotiating and approving, or recommending for approval by our Board the salaries and incentive compensation of our executive officers; | | | | Administering our equity based plans and making recommendations to our Board with respect to our incentive-compensation plans and equity-based plans; | | | | Making recommendations to our Board with respect to director compensation; and | | | | Authority to exercise all rights, authority and functions of the Board under our Clawback Policy. | | The Compensation Committee meets as often as it deems necessary, without the presence of any executive officer when approving compensation, except that the Companys Chief Executive Officer, at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, may be present during the approval of, or deliberations with respect to, the compensation of other executive officers. The Compensation Committee may delegate any authority granted to it to one or more subcommittees of the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion. Our Compensation Committee met two times and took action by written consent on three occasions during the year ended December 31, 2025. 55 *Nominating Committee* The members of our Nominating Committee were Dr. Arie Mayer and Leonard Sank. The Board has determined that all of the members of the Nominating Committee are independent as defined by the rules of the SEC and Nasdaq rules and regulations. The Nominating Committee operates under a written charter that is posted on the Investors section of our website, www.oramed.com. The primary responsibilities of our Nominating Committee include: | | Overseeing the composition and size of the Board, developing qualification criteria for Board members based on background, skills, experience and diversity, and actively seeking, interviewing and screening individuals qualified to become Board members for recommendation to the Board; | | | | Recommending the composition of the Board for each annual meeting of stockholders; and | | | | Reviewing periodically with the Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer the succession plans relating to positions held by directors, and making recommendations to the Board with respect to the selection and development of individuals to occupy those positions. | | Our Nominating Committee did not meet and took one action by written consent during the year ended December 31, 2025. **Scientific Advisory Board** We maintain a Scientific Advisory Board consisting of internationally recognized scientists who advise us on scientific and technical aspects of our business. The Scientific Advisory Board meets to review specific projects and to assess the value of new technologies and developments to us. In addition, individual members of the Scientific Advisory Board meet with us to provide advice in their particular areas of expertise. The Scientific Advisory Board consists of the following members, information with respect to whom is set forth below: Professor Roy Eldor, Professor Ele Ferrannini, Dr. Alexander Fleming, Professor Avram Hershko, Dr. Julio Rosenstock and Dr. Jay Skyler. **Professor Roy Eldor, MD, PhD**, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in July 2016. He is an endocrinologist, internist and researcher with over twenty years of clinical and scientific experience. He is currently Director of the Diabetes Unit at the Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Hypertension at the Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center. Prior to that, Dr. Eldor served as Principal Scientist at Merck Research Laboratories, Clinical Research Diabetes & Endocrinology. He previously served as a senior physician in internal medicine at the Diabetes Unit in Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital in Jerusalem, Israel; and the Diabetes Division at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, Texas. Dr. Eldor is a recognized expert, with over 50 peer reviewed papers and book chapters, and has been a guest speaker at numerous international forums. **Professor Ele Ferrannini, MD**, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in February 2007. He is a past President to the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), which supports scientists, physicians and students from all over the world who are interested in diabetes and related subjects in Europe and performs functions similar to that of the American Diabetes Association in the United States. Professor Ferrannini has worked with various institutions including the Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine at the University of Pisa School of Medicine, and CNR (National Research Council) Institute of Clinical Physiology in Pisa, Italy; and the Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, Texas. He has extensive training in internal medicine and endocrinology, and has specialized in diabetes trials. Professor Ferrannini has received a Certificate of the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates from the University of Bologna, and completed a subspecialty in Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases at the University of Torino, *cum laude*. He has published over 500 original papers and 50 book chapters and he is a highly cited researcher, according to the Institute for Scientific Information. 56 **** **Dr. Alexander Fleming, MD**, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in December 2019. Dr. Fleming, an endocrinologist, is Founder and Executive Chairman of Kinexum, a strategic advisory firm. From 1986 to 1998, he served at the FDA as a supervisory medical officer in the Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products and was responsible for landmark approvals of the first statin, metformin, and other endocrine and metabolic therapies. He also represented the FDA at the World Health Organization and on multiple expert working groups of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Dr. Fleming coined the term, Metabesity, which refers to the constellation of major chronic diseases and the aging process itself, all which share common metabolic root causes and potential preventive therapies. He organized the first Congress on Metabesity in London in October 2017, followed by annual conferences. In 2020, Dr. Fleming founded the non-profit Kitalys Institute as a means of producing Metabesity conferences and advancing interventions of any kind that can improve health and healthspan. **Hershko, MD, PhD**, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in July 2008. Professor Hershko served as a physician in the Israel Defense Forces from 1965 to 1967. After a post-doctoral fellowship with Gordon Tomkins at the University of San Francisco from 1969 to 1972, he joined the faculty of the Haifa Technion becoming a professor in 1980. He is now Distinguished Professor in the Unit of Biochemistry in the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine of the Technion in Haifa, Israel. Professor Hershkos main research interests concern the mechanisms by which cellular proteins are degraded, a formerly neglected field of study. Professor Hershko and his colleagues showed that cellular proteins are degraded by a highly selective proteolytic system. This system tags proteins for destruction by linkage to a protein called ubiquitin, which had previously been identified in many tissues, but whose function was previously unknown. Subsequent work by Professor Hershko and many other laboratories has shown that the ubiquitin system has a vital role in controlling a wide range of cellular processes, such as the regulation of cell division, signal transduction and DNA repair. Professor Hershko was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004, jointly with his former PhD student Aaron Ciechanover and their colleague Irwin Rose. His many honors include the Israel Prize for Biochemistry (1994), the Gairdner Award (1999), the Lasker Prize for Basic Medical Research (2000), the Wolf Prize for Medicine (2001) and the Louisa Gross Horwitz Award (2001). Professor Hershko is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences since 2000 and a Foreign Associate of the U.S. Academy of Sciences since 2003. **Dr. Julio Rosenstock, MD**, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in January 2020. Dr. Rosenstock is the Senior Scientific Advisor and Director of Velocity Clinical Research at Medical City, Dallas, Texas, and a Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. He is board certified in Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism. His clinical and research activities have focused on exploring novel agents and therapeutic strategies to improve glycemic control, particularly early combination therapies in Type 2 Diabetes. Over the last 30 years, he has participated in hundreds of clinical trials and has had an active role in the development of new oral agents, incretin-related therapies and insulin formulations, often acting as a lead clinical investigator and scientific advisor on the design and reporting of these clinical trials. Dr. Rosenstock has been the author or co-author of 386 peer-reviewed manuscripts (*H-index 124*) and several hundreds of scientific abstracts and he is considered a key opinion leader in Type 2 Diabetes. He has also contributed to 13 book chapters on various topics in the field of diabetes and is considered a key opinion leader in Type 2 Diabetes. **Dr. Jay Skyler, MD, MCAP, FRCP**, joined the Oramed Scientific Advisory Board in January 2020. Dr. Skyler is Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics and Psychology in the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine. He previously held the position of Director of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. In addition, Dr. Skyler is Deputy Director of Clinical Research and Academic Programs at the Diabetes Research Institute, and an Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics at the Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes at the University of Colorado in Denver. Dr. Skylers research focuses on the clinical aspects of diabetes, specifically the conduct of randomized controlled clinical trials. From 1993 to 2015, he was Chairman of the National Institute of Health (NIDDK)-sponsored Diabetes Prevention Trial- Type 1 (DPT-1) and its successor Type 1 Diabetes Trial Net, a nationwide and global network conducting clinical trials to prevent T1D. **** 57 **Code of Ethics** We have adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct for our senior officers, directors and employees. A copy of the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct is located at our website at www.oramed.com. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement regarding any amendment to, or a waiver from, a provision of the Code of Ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions and that relates to the Code of Ethics by posting such information on our website, www.oramed.com. **** **Insider Trading Policy** We have adopted aninsider trading policy, or the Policy,governing the purchase, sale and other transactions in our securities that applies to our directors, officers, employees, including part-time and temporary employees, and other covered persons, including immediate family members and entities controlled by any of the foregoing persons, as well as by the Company itself. The Policy prohibits, among other things, insider trading and certain speculative transactions in our securities (including short sales, buying put and selling call options and other hedging or derivative transactions in our securities) and establishes a regular blackout period schedule during which directors, executive officers, employees, and other covered persons may not trade in the Companys securities, as well as certain pre-clearance procedures that directors and executive officers must observe prior to effecting any transaction in our securities. The Company believes that the Policyis reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and listing standards applicable to the Company. **Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance** **** Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires that each of our directors and executive officers, and any other person who owns more than ten percent (10%) of our common stock, file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our common stock. To our knowledge, based solely on information furnished to us and written representations by such persons that no such other reports were required to be filed, we believe that all such SEC filing requirements were met in a timely manner during 2025. **** 58 **** **ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION** **SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE** The following table sets forth the compensation earned by our NEOs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. | NameandPrincipalPosition | | Year | | Salary ($) (1) | | | Bonus ($) (1)(2) | | | RSUsandPSUs Awards ($) (3) | | | All Other Compensation ($) (1)(4) | | | Total ($) | | | | Nadav Kidron | | 2025 | | | 619,529 | | | | 379,935 | | | | 3,709,269 | | | | 65,927 | | | | 4,774,460 | | | | President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman(5) | | 2024 | | | 540,145 | | | | 270,767 | | | | 1,224,760 | | | | 62,017 | | | | 2,097,689 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dr. Miriam Kidron | | 2025 | | | 439,902 | | | | 271,994 | | | | 1,406,033 | | | | 48,455 | | | | 2,166,384 | | | | Chief Scientific Officer and director(5) | | 2024 | | | 408,104 | | | | 155,291 | | | | 951,545 | | | | 19,607 | | | | 1,534,547 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Joshua Hexter | | 2025 | | | 285,432 | | | | 218,148 | | | | 1,299,065 | | | | 79,753 | | | | 1,882,398 | | | | Chief Operating and Business Officer | | 2024 | | | 259,038 | | | | 93,992 | | | | 608,545 | | | | 69,875 | | | | 1,031,450 | | | | (1) | Amounts paid for Salary, Bonus and All Other Compensation that were originally denominated in NIS were translated into U.S. Dollars at the then average exchange rate for the period. | | | (2) | Bonuses were granted at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. | | | (3) | For RSU and performance stock unit, or PSU, awards, the amounts reflect the grant date fair value, as calculated pursuant to ASC Topic 718 CompensationStock Compensation. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the RSU awards are set forth in note 14 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Our NEOs will not realize the value of these awards in cash unless and until the awards vest and the underlying shares are issued and subsequently sold. | | | (4) | See All Other Compensation Table below. | | | (5) | See Employment and Consulting Agreements below. | | 59 **** **All Other Compensation Table** The All Other Compensation amounts set forth in the Summary Compensation Table above consist of the following: | Name | | Year | | Automobile- Related Expenses ($) | | | Managers Insurance (1)($) | | | Education Fund ($) | | | Total ($) | | | | Nadav Kidron | | 2025 | | | 29,331 | | | | 32,499 | | | | 4,097 | | | | 65,927 | | | | | | 2024 | | | 30,505 | | | | 27,690 | | | | 3,822 | | | | 62,017 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dr. Miriam Kidron | | 2025 | | | 25,009 | | | | 20,325 | | | | 3,121 | | | | 48,455 | | | | | | 2024 | | | 19,607 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 19,607 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Joshua Hexter | | 2025 | | | 17,382 | | | | 42,243 | | | | 20,128 | | | | 79,753 | | | | | | 2024 | | | 16,217 | | | | 34,219 | | | | 19,439 | | | | 69,875 | | | | (1) | Managers insurance and education funds are customary benefits provided to employees based in Israel. Managers insurance is a combination of severance savings (in accordance with Israeli law), defined contribution tax-qualified pension savings and disability insurance premiums. An education fund is a savings fund of pre-tax contributions to be used after a specified period of time for educational or other permitted purposes. | | **Employment and Consulting Agreements** **Miriam Kidron** On July 1, 2008, Oramed Ltd. entered into a consulting agreement with KNRY whereby Dr. Miriam Kidron, through KNRY, provides services as Chief Scientific Officer of both the Company and Oramed Ltd., or the Miriam Kidron Consulting Agreement. The Miriam Kidron Consulting Agreement is terminable by either party upon 140 days prior written notice. The agreement, as amended, provides that KNRY will be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with performance of the agreement. Pursuant to the agreement, each of KNRY and Dr. Miriam Kidron agreed that during the term of the agreement and for a 12-month period thereafter, none of them will compete with Oramed Ltd. nor solicit employees of Oramed Ltd. Effective as of July 1, 2024, the monthly consulting fee is NIS 134,550. Effective as of April 1, 2025, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with KNRY, whereby the Chief Scientific Officer, through KNRY, provides services as Chief Scientific Officer of the Company. The agreement is terminable by either party upon 140 days prior written notice. The agreement provides that KNRY will be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with performance of the agreement. The Chief Scientific Officer receives a monthly consulting fee of NIS 67,275. Pursuant to the agreement, KNRY and the Chief Scientific Officer each agree that during the term of the agreement and for a 12-month period thereafter, none of them will compete with the Company nor solicit employees of the Company. Effective as of January 1, 2026, monthly consulting fee of the Chief Scientific Officer is NIS 71,648. In addition, the Company, through the Subsidiary, has entered into an employment agreement with the Chief Scientific Officer, effective as of April 1, 2025, pursuant to which the Chief Scientific Officer receives a gross monthly salary of NIS 51,750 in consideration for her services as Chief Scientific Officer of the Subsidiary. In addition, the Chief Scientific Officer is provided with a phone and a company car pursuant to the terms of her agreement. 60 Effective as of January 1, 2026, the gross monthly salary of the Chief Scientific Officer is NIS 55,114. **Nadav Kidron** Effective November 1, 2022, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Shnida Ltd., whereby Nadav Kidron, through Shnida Ltd., provides services as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The agreement is terminable by either party upon 140 days prior written notice. The agreement provides that Shnida Ltd. will be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with performance of the agreement. Effective as of January 1, 2024, Nadav Kidron receives a monthly consulting fee of NIS 96,825. Effective as of July 1, 2024, the monthly consulting fee is NIS 111,349. Pursuant to the agreement, Shnida Ltd. and Nadav Kidron each agree that during the term of the agreement and for a 12-month period thereafter, none of them will compete with the Company nor solicit employees of the Company. Effective as of January 1, 2026, the monthly consulting fee of the Chief Executive Officer is NIS 118,587. In addition, we, through Oramed Ltd., have entered into an employment agreement with Nadav Kidron, effective as of November 1, 2022, pursuant to which, effective as of January 1, 2024, Mr. Kidron receives gross monthly salary of NIS 51,591 in consideration for his services as President and Chief Executive Officer of Oramed Ltd. Effective as of July 1, 2024, Mr. Kidron receives gross monthly salary of NIS 59,330 in consideration for his services as President and Chief Executive Officer of Oramed Ltd. In addition, Mr. Kidron is provided with a phone and a company car pursuant to the terms of his agreement. Effective as of January 1, 2026, the gross monthly salary of the Chief Executive Officer is NIS 63,186. **Joshua Hexter** We, through Oramed Ltd., have entered into an employment agreement with Joshua Hexter as of August 18 , 2019, pursuant to which Mr. Hexter was appointed as Chief Operating and Business Officer of the Company and Oramed Ltd., effective September 19, 2019. In accordance with the employment agreement, as amended, Mr. Hexters current gross monthly salary is NIS 81,466, effective as of July 1, 2024, and he will be provided with a company car allowance pursuant to the terms of his agreement. Effective as of January 1, 2026, the gross monthly salary of the Chief Operating and Business Officer is NIS 86,761. 61 We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers pursuant to which we agreed to indemnify each director and officer for any liability he or she may incur by reason of the fact that he or she serves as our director or officer, to the maximum extent permitted by law. ** *Potential Payments upon Termination or Change-in-Control* We have no plans or arrangements in respect of remuneration received or that may be received by our NEOs to compensate such officers in the event of termination of employment (as a result of resignation or retirement). According to our NEOs employment agreements, upon a termination in connection with a change-in-control that occurs during the period that is three months prior and 12 months after the event, the following double trigger change-in-control provisions shall apply: | | The President and Chief Executive Officer will be entitled to receive 18 months severance. | | | | All other NEOS will be entitled to receive 12 months severance. | | | | Severance shall be defined as base salary plus bonuses over the severance period. For U.S.-based persons, COBRA payments equivalent to healthcare benefits values will be provided over the severance period. | | | | Full vesting acceleration of all outstanding unvested equity incentives. | | ** *Pension, Retirement or Similar Benefit Plans* We have no arrangements or plans under which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. Our directors and executive officers may receive stock options, RSUs or restricted shares at the discretion of our Compensation Committee in the future. ** *Policy Relating to Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation* Our Board has adopted an executive compensation clawback policy, administered by our Compensation Committee, which provides for the recoupment (or clawback) from current and former executive officers of certain compensation in the event of an accounting restatement resulting from material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements under the federal securities laws of the United States. In the event the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement of its financial statements due to the Companys material non-compliance with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, the Compensation Committee will require prompt reimbursement or forfeiture of any excess incentive compensation (as defined in the clawback policy) received by any covered executive officer during the three completed years immediately preceding the date on which the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement. 62 **OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT DECEMBER 31, 2025** The following table sets forth information concerning stock options and stock awards held by the NEOs as of December 31, 2025. | | | Option Awards | | | | | | | Stock Awards | | | Name | | Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable | | | Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable | | | Option Exercise Price ($) | | | Option Expiration Date | | Number of shares that have not vested (#) | | | Marketvalue of shares that have not vested ($) | | | | Nadav Kidron | | | 49,000 | (1) | | | - | | | | 7.77 | | | 6/30/27 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 97,000 | (2) | | | - | | | | 8.14 | | | 1/31/28 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 196,500 | (3)(4) | | | - | | | | 3.16 | | | 2/26/29 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 190,000 | (5) | | | - | | | | 4.80 | | | 1/8/30 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 150,000 | (6) | | | | | | | 10.40 | | | 2/3/31 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 80,250 | (7) | | | 26,750 | (7) | | | 13.89 | | | 1/3/32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 116,127 | (8) | | | | | | | 3.91 | | | 9/17/32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,357,306 | (9-22) | | | 3,868,320 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dr. Miriam Kidron | | | 69,999 | (24) | | | - | | | | 7.77 | | | 6/30/27 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 47,000 | (25) | | | - | | | | 8.14 | | | 1/31/28 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 104,000 | (26)(4) | | | - | | | | 3.16 | | | 2/26/29 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 100,000 | (27) | | | | | | | 4.80 | | | 1/8/30 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 100,000 | (28) | | | | | | | 10.40 | | | 2/3/31 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 54,000 | (29) | | | 18,000 | (29) | | | 13.89 | | | 1/3/32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 633,748 | (30-42) | | | 1,806,181 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Joshua Hexter | | | 100,000 | (43) | | | | | | | 3.69 | | | 9/11/29 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 100,000 | (44) | | | 3.69 | | | 9/11/29 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 50,000 | (45) | | | | | | | 10.40 | | | 2/3/31 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 27,000 | (46) | | | 9,000 | (46) | | | 13.89 | | | 1/3/32 | | | 501,741 | (47-56) | | | 1,334,962 | | | | (1) | On June 30, 2017, 147,000 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $7.77 per share; 49,000 of such options vested on December 31, 2017 and the remainder vested in two equal installments of 49,000 on each of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019, subject to the Company share price reaching the target of $9.50 and $12.50 per share, respectively. The options expire on June 30, 2027. As of December 31, 2021, 98,000 of these options were forfeited. | | | (2) | On January 31, 2018, 97,000 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $8.14 per share; 97,000 of such options vested in four equal installments of 24,250 on each of January 1, 2019, January 1, 2020, January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022. The options expire on January 31, 2028. | | 63 | (3) | On February 26, 2019, 196,500 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $3.16 per share; 196,500 of such options vested in four equal installments of 49,125 on each of December 31, 2019, December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022. The options expire on February 26, 2029. For additional information, see footnote 4 below. | | | (4) | On September 11, 2019, these options were canceled and re-granted under the 2019 Plan in the same amounts and under the same terms as the original grants. | | | (5) | On January 8, 2020, 190,000 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $4.80 per share. 190,000 of the options vested in four equal installments of 47,500 on each of December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023. The options expire on January 8, 2030. | | | (6) | On February 3, 2021, 150,000 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $10.40 per share. 150,000 of the options vested in four equal installments of 37,500 on each of December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2024. The options expire on February 3, 2031. | | | (7) | On January 3, 2022, 107,000 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $13.89 per share. 80,250 options vested in three equal installments of 26,750 on each of January 1, 2023, January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025. The remainder 26,750 shall vest on January 1, 2026. The options expire on January 3, 2032. | | | (8) | On September 18, 2022, 116,127 options were granted to Nadav Kidron under the Oravax Medical Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan at an exercise price of $3.91 per share. 116,127 of the options vested in four installments on each of September 18, 2022, December 31, 2022, December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024. The options expire on September 17, 2032. | | | (9) | On November 13, 2014, 9,788 RSUs, representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock, were granted to Nadav Kidron. The RSUs vested in two equal installments, each of 4,894 shares, on November 30 and December 31, 2014. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee. | | | (10) | On February 23, 2015, 79,848 RSUs, representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock, were granted to Nadav Kidron. The RSUs vested in 23 installments consisting of one installment of 6,654 shares on February 28, 2015 and 22 equal monthly installments of 3,327 shares each, commencing March 31, 2015. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee. | | | (11) | On February 3, 2021, 300,000 PSUs, representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock, were granted to Nadav Kidron. 100,000 RSUs vested on August 31, 2021 ,100,000 RSUs vested on February 10, 2025, and 100,000 RSUs shall vest upon our common stock achieving a specified price per share. | | | (12) | On January 3, 2022, 63,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. 47,250 RSUs vested in three equal installments, each of 15,750 shares on January 1, 2023, January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025. The remainder 15,750 shall vest on January 1, 2026. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee. | | | (13) | On July 28, 2022, 126,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. 84,000 RSUs vested in two equal installments, each of 42,000 shares on January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025. The remainder 42,000 shall vest on January 1, 2026. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee. | | 64 | (14) | On April 17, 2023, 279,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. 255,750 RSUs vested in eleven equal quarterly installments of 23,250 starting May 1, 2023 and the remainder of 23,250 shall vest on February 1, 2026. | | | (15) | On January 4, 2024, 329,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. 329,000 RSUs vested in twelve equal quarterly installments of 27,417 starting January 8, 2024. | | | (16) | On January 4, 2024, 141,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. The total amount of the PSUs vested on February 10, 2025 upon the satisfaction of certain market conditions. | | | | | | | (17) | On January 2, 2025, The Board modified 294,000 outstanding PSUs that were granted to the Companys executive officers adjusting the vesting criteria from market condition to performance targets. | | | | | | | (18) | On January 2, 2025, 433,500 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. The RSUs vested in twelve quarterly installments of 36,125 starting January 1, 2025. | | | | | | | (19) | On January 2, 2025, 186,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. The total amount of the PSUs vested on February 10, 2025 upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions. | | | | | | | (20) | On December 31, 2025, 299,750 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. The RSUs shall vest in eleven quarterly installments of 27,250 starting April 1, 2026. | | | | | | | (21) | On December 31, 2025, 109,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. The total amount of the PSUs vest upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions. | | | | | | | (22) | On December 31, 2025, 109,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. The total amount of the PSUs vest upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions or certain market conditions. | | | | | | | (23) | On December 31, 2025, 259,890 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Nadav Kidron. 259,890 RSUs shall vest in one installment on January 1, 2026. | | | | | | | (24) | On June 30, 2017, 69,999 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $7.77 per share; Such options vested in three equal installments of 23,333 on each of December 31, 2017, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The options have an expiration date of June 30, 2027. | | 65 | (25) | On January 31, 2018, 47,000 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $8.14 per share; 47,000 of such options vested in four equal installments of 11,750 on each of January 1, 2019, January 1, 2020, January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022. The options expire on January 31, 2028. | | | (26) | On February 26, 2019, 104,000 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2008 Plan at an exercise price of $3.16 per share; 104,000 of such options vested in four equal installments of 26,000 on each of December 31, 2019, December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022. The options expire on February 26, 2029. For additional information, see footnote 4 above. | | | (27) | On January 8, 2020, 100,000 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $4.80 per share. 100,000 of the options vested in four equal installments of 25,000 on each of December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023. The options expire on January 8, 2030. | | | (28) | On February 3, 2021, 100,000 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $10.40 per share. 100,000 of such options vested in four equal installments of 25,000 on each of December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024. The options expire on February 3, 2031. | | | (29) | On January 3, 2022, 72,000 options were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $13.89 per share. 54,000 of such options vested in three equal installments of 18,000 on each of January 1, 2023, January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025 and the remainder of 18,000 shall vest on January 1, 2026. The options expire on January 3, 2032. | | | (30) | On February 3, 2021, 200,000 RSUs, representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock, were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. 66,666 RSUs vested on August 31, 2021, 66,667 RSUs vested on February 10, 2025 upon our achievement of certain business objectives, and 66,667 RSUs shall vest upon our common stock achieving a specified price per share. | | | (31) | On January 3, 2022, 42,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. 31,500 vested on three equal installments of 10,500 on each of January 1, 2023, January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025. The remainder shall vest on January 1, 2026. | | | (32) | On July 28, 2022, 84,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. 63,000 vested on three equal installments of 21,000 on each of January 1, 2023, January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025. The remainder shall vest on January 1, 2026. | | 66 | (33) | On April 17, 2023, 213,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. 213,000 RSUs vested in twelve equal quarterly installments of 17,750 starting May 1, 2023. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee. | | | (34) | On April 17, 2023, 53,500 performance-based RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. 53,000 RSUs vested in one installment on May 26, 2023, upon our common stock achieving a specified price per share. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee. | | | (35) | On January 4, 2024, 295,500 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. The RSUs vested in twelve equal quarterly installments of 24,625 starting January 8, 2024. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee. | | | (36) | On January 4, 2024, 74,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. The total amount of the PSUs vested on February 10, 2025 upon the satisfaction of certain market conditions. | | | | | | | (37) | On January 2, 2025, 207,500 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. The RSUs vested in twelve quarterly installments of 17,250 starting January 1, 2025. | | | | | | | (38) | On January 2, 2025, 52,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. The total amount of the PSUs vested on February 10, 2025 upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions. | | | | | | | (39) | On December 31, 2025, 105,417 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. The RSUs shall vest in eleven quarterly installments of 9,583 starting April 1, 2026. | | | | | | | (40) | On December 31, 2025, 19,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. The total amount of the PSUs vest upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions. The total fair value of these PSUs on the date of grant was $472, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.85 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | | | | (41) | On December 31, 2025, 19,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. The total amount of the PSUs vest upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions or certain market conditions. The total fair value of these PSUs on the date of grant was $473, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.85 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | | | | (42) | On December 31, 2025, 130,914 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Dr. Miriam Kidron. 130,914 RSUs shall vest in one installment on January 1, 2026. | | 67 | (43) | On November 9, 2019, 100,000 options were granted to Joshua Hexter under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $3.69 per share; 100,000 of the options vested in sixteen equal quarterly installments of 6,250 starting November 1, 2019. | | | | | | | (44) | On November 9, 2019, 100,000 options were granted to Joshua Hexter under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $3.69 per share; 100,000 of the options shall vest in four quarterly installments upon our achievement of certain business objectives. | | | | | | | (45) | On February 3, 2021, 50,000 options were granted to Joshua Hexter under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $10.40 per share. 50,000 of the options vested in four equal installments of 12,500 on each of December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022, December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2024. The options expire on February 3, 2031. | | | | | | | (46) | On January 3, 2022, 36,000 options were granted to Joshua Hexter under the 2019 Plan at an exercise price of $13.89 per share. 27,000 options vested in three equal installments of 9,000 on each of January 1, 2023, January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025. The remainder shall vest on January 1, 2026. The options expire on January 3, 2032. | | | | | | | (47) | On February 3, 2021, 100,000 PSUs, representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock, were granted to Joshua Hexter. 33,333 RSUs vested on August 31, 2021, 33,333 RSUs vested on February 10, 2025 upon our common stock achieving a specified price per share, and 33,334 RSUs vest upon our achievement of certain business objectives. | | | | | | | (48) | On January 3, 2022, 21,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Joshua Hexter. 15,750 RSUs vested in three equal installments, each of 5,250 shares on January 1, 2023, January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025. The remainder 5,250 shall vest on January 1, 2026. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee. | | | | | | | (49) | On July 28, 2022, 42,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Joshua Hexter. 28,000 RSUs vested in two equal installments, each of 14,000 shares on January 1, 2024, January 1, 2025 and the remainder 14,000 shall vest on January 1, 2026. | | | | | | | (50) | On April 17, 2023, 108,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Joshua Hexter. 63,000 RSUs vested in twelve equal quarterly installments of 9,000 starting May 1, 2023. | | | | | | | (51) | On January 4, 2024, 180,500 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Joshua Hexter. The RSUs vested in twelve equal quarterly installments of 15,042 starting January 8, 2024. The shares of common stock underlying the RSUs will be issued upon request of the grantee. | | | | | | | (52) | On January 2, 2025, 194,500 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Joshua Hexter. The RSUs vested in twelve quarterly installments of 16,208 starting January 1, 2025. | | | | | | | (53) | On December 31, 2025, 105,417 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Joshua Hexter. The RSUs shall vest in eleven quarterly installments of 9,583 starting April 1, 2026. | | | | | | | (54) | On December 31, 2025, 19,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Joshua Hexter. The total amount of the PSUs shall vest upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions. | | | (55) | On December 31, 2025, 19,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Joshua Hexter. The total amount of the PSUs shall vest upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions or certain market conditions. | | | (56) | On December 31, 2025, 106,911 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to Joshua Hexter. 106,911 RSUs shall vest in one installment on January 1, 2026. | | 68 **DIRECTOR COMPENSATION** The following table provides information regarding compensation earned by, awarded or paid to each person for serving as a director who is not an executive officer during the year ended December 31, 2025: | Name of Director | | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) | | | Stock Awards (1)(2)($) | | | Option Awards (1)(2)($) | | | All Other Compensation ($) | | | Total ($) | | | | Dr. Daniel Aghion(6) | | | 42,790 | | | | 185,810 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 228,810 | | | | Dr. Arie Mayer | | | 40,000 | | | | 178,961 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 228,836 | | | | Yehuda Reznik(3) | | | 42,790 | | | | 185,808 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 228,334 | | | | Benjamin Shapiro | | | 30,000 | | | | 169,973 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 199,973 | | | | (1) | As of December 31, 2025, our non-employee directors then in office held options to purchase shares of our common stock and RSUs as follows: | | | Name of Director | | Aggregate Number of Shares Underlying Stock Awards | | | Aggregate Number of Shares Underlying Option Awards | | | | Dr. Daniel Aghion | | | 88,343 | | | | - | | | | Dr. Arie Mayer | | | 94,644 | | | | 30,000 | | | | Yehuda Reznik | | | 83,343 | | | | - | | | | Benjamin Shapiro | | | 86,329 | | | | - | | | | (2) | The amounts reflect the grant date fair value, as calculated pursuant to ASC 718, of these option awards. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the option awards are set forth in note 14 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report. Our directors will not realize the value of these awards in cash unless and until these awards are exercised and the underlying shares subsequently sold. | | 69 Our directors are entitled to reimbursement for reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of our Board. Based on a report provided to the Compensation Committee by Aon in 2023, effective as of January 1, 2025, each independent director is entitled to receive as remuneration for his or her service as a member of the Board a sum equal to $40,000 per annum (of which $30,000 in cash and RSU valued at $10,000 at the date of the grant, vested in 4 quarterly installments). The members of our Audit Committee are each entitled to receive an additional sum equal to $10,000 (of which $6,000 in cash and RSU valued at $4,000 at the date of the grant, vested in 4 quarterly installments) . The members of our Compensation Committee are each entitled to receive an additional sum equal to $7,500 (of which $4,500 in cash and RSU valued at $3,000 at the date of the grant, vested in 4 quarterly installments). The members of our Nominating Committee are each entitled to receive an additional sum equal to $5,000 (of which $4,000 in cash and RSU valued at $1,000 at the date of the grant, vested in 4 quarterly installments). The members of our Investment Committee are each entitled to receive an additional sum equal to $5,000 (of which $4,000 in cash and RSU valued at $1,000 at the date of the grant, vested in 4 quarterly installments). In addition, all board members are entitled to an annual grant of 30,000 RSU that are vested in 3 annual installments. All cash remuneration is to be paid quarterly after the close of each quarter. The RSUs vested in four equal installments on upon grant, on July 1, October 1 and January 1, 2026, subject to Compensation Committee approval each year. Our executive officers did not receive additional compensation for service as directors. The Board may award special remuneration to any director undertaking any special services on behalf of us other than services ordinarily required of a director. On January 2, 2025 the Compensation Committee, approved that in addition to the current annual compensation for the board members, a flat cash fee of $500 per meeting will be paid to each director for attendance at every meeting beyond six meetings per year, and an additional $2,000 in cash will be paid to each director per meeting of over three hours which he or she attends, regardless of the number of meetings. Other than as described above, we have no present formal plan for compensating our directors for their service in their capacity as directors. Other than indicated above, no director received and/or accrued any compensation for his services as a director, including committee participation and/or special assignments during the year ended December 31, 2025. **The Companys Policies and Practices Related to the Grant of Certain Equity Awards Close in Time to the Release of MaterialNonpublicInformation** We do not have any formal policy that requires the Company to grant, or avoid granting, equity-based compensation at certain times. We do not grant equity awards in anticipation of the release of material nonpublic information that is likely to result in changes to the price of our common stock, and do not time the public release of such information based on award grant dates. The timing of any equity grants to executive officers or directors in connection with new hires, promotions, or other non-routine grants is tied to the event giving rise to the award (such as an executive officers commencement of employment or promotion effective date). During the year ended December 31, 2025, there were no equity grants made to our executive officers during any period beginning four business days before the filing of a periodic report or current report disclosing material non-public information and ending one business day after the filing or furnishing of such report with the SEC. 70 **ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.** **Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans** Our Board adopted the 2008 Plan and the 2019 Plan in order to attract and retain quality personnel. The 2008 Plan, which is no longer utilized for new grants, provided for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and stock appreciation rights, collectively referred to as awards. Under the 2008 Plan, as amended, 2,400,000 shares were reserved for the grant of awards. As of December 31, 2025, options with respect to 2,287,989 shares had been granted, of which 275,673 had been forfeited, 308,804 had been exercised and 1,420,504 have expired. As of December 31, 2025, 525,824 RSUs had been granted, of which 89,636 have vested and the shares of common stock underlying those RSUs have not been issued and 34,118 have been forfeited. The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and stock appreciation rights, collectively referred to as awards. Under the 2019 Plan, 1,000,000 shares were initially reserved for the grant of awards. On June 29, 2020, and August 3, 2020, respectively, our Board and stockholders approved to amend and restate the 2019 Plan, the principal change being an increase in the number of shares of common stock available under the 2019 Plan from 1,000,000 shares to 3,000,000 shares. On June 30, 2022, our Board and stockholders approved to amend and restate the 2019 Plan, the principal change being an increase in the number of shares of common stock available under the 2019 Plan from 3,000,000 shares to 7,500,000 shares. On August 19, 2025, our Board and stockholders approved to amend and restate the 2019 Plan, the principal change being an increase in the number of shares of common stock available under the 2019 Plan from 2,000,000 shares to 9,500,000 shares. Stock options granted under the 2019 Plan may be either incentive stock options under the provisions of Section 422 of the Code, or non-qualified stock options. Under the amended 2019 Plan, 9,500,000 shares are reserved for the grant of awards, which may be issued at the discretion of our Board from time to time. As of December 31, 2025, options with respect to 1,863,646 shares have been granted, of which 297,668 had been forfeited, 66,978 had been exercised, 74,625 had been expired and 37,442 Returned to the pool. As of December 31, 2025, 8,036,851 RSUs had been granted, of which 863,292 have vested and the shares of common stock underlying those RSUs have not been issued, 815,121 have been forfeited and 103,413 Returned to the pool. The following table sets forth additional information with respect to our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2025: | Plan category | | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, and rights (a) | | | Weight- average exercise price of outstanding options, and rights (b) | | | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a) (c) (*) | | | | Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | | | 1,707,383 | | | $ | 6.44 | | | | 927,752 | | | | Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | Total | | | 1,707,383 | | | $ | 6.44 | | | | 927,752 | | | **** | (*) | Includes RSUs. | | **Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management** **** The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 26, 2026 by: (1) each person who is known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our common stock; (2) each of our current directors; (3) each of our NEOs; and (4) all of our directors and executive officers as a group. On such date, we had 40,446,179 shares of common stock outstanding. 71 As used in the table below and elsewhere in this form, the term beneficial ownership with respect to a security consists of sole or shared voting power, including the power to vote or direct the vote, and/or sole or shared investment power, including the power to dispose or direct the disposition, with respect to the security through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, including a right to acquire such power(s) during the 60 days following March 26, 2026. Inclusion of shares in the table does not, however, constitute an admission that the named stockholder is a direct or indirect beneficial owner of those shares. Unless otherwise indicated, (1) each person or entity named in the table has sole voting power and investment power (or shares that power with that persons spouse) with respect to all shares of common stock listed as owned by that person or entity and (2) the address of each of the individuals named below is: c/o Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1185 Avenue of the Americas, Third Floor, New York, New York 10036. | Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | | Number of Shares | | | Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned | | | | Nadav Kidron #+ | | | 3,865,415 | (1) | | | 9.51 | % | | | Dr. Miriam Kidron #+ | | | 1,621,858 | (2) | | | 3.92 | % | | | Joshua Hexter + | | | 1,039,317 | (3) | | | 2.57 | % | | | Dr. Daniel Aghion # | | | 28,820 | | | | * | | | | Dr. Arie Mayer # | | | 134,334 | (4) | | | * | | | | Yehuda Reznik# | | | 42,993 | (5) | | | * | | | | Benjamin Shapiro # | | | 1,960,595 | (6) | | | 4.85 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All current executive officers and directors, as a group (eight persons) | | | 9,024,705 | (7) | | | 22.17 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Greater than 5% holders | | | | | | | | | | | BML Investment Partners, L.P. | | | 3,167,231 | (8) | | | 7.83 | % | | | * | Less than 1% | | | # | Director | | | + | NEO | | | (1) | Includes 789,500 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, 90,792 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs and 89,636 shares of common stock underlying vested RSUs that are issuable upon request. Mr. Nadavs beneficial ownership includes the 218,603 shares of common stock held by Xiaopeng Li, a former director of the Company, over which he holds a proxy. | | | (2) | Includes 492,999 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, 51,458 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs, and 887,917 shares of common stock underlying vested RSUs that are issuable upon request. | | | (3) | Includes 186,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, 40,833 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs. | | | (4) | Includes 30,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and 1,225 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs. | | | (5) | Includes 1,563 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs. | | | (6) | Includes 875 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs. | | | (7) | Includes 1,498,499 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options beneficially owned by the referenced persons, 211,995 shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of RSUs and 977,553 shares of common stock underlying vested RSUs that are issuable upon request. | | **** | (8) | Based on Schedule 13G/A, filed on February 9, 2026. BML Investment Partners, L.P. is a Delaware limited partnership whose sole general partner is BML Capital Management, LLC. The managing member of BML Capital Management, LLC is Braden M. Leonard. As a result, Braden M. Leonard is deemed to be the indirect owner of the shares held directly by BML Investment Partners, L.P. Despite such shared beneficial ownership, the reporting persons disclaim that they constitute a statutory group within the meaning of Rule 13d-5(b)(1) of the Exchange Act. The address of BML Investment Partners, L.P. is 65 E Cedar, Suite 2 Zionsville, IN 46077. | | 72 **ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.** During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, except for compensation arrangements described elsewhere herein, we did not participate in any transaction, and we are not currently participating in any proposed transaction, or series of transactions, in which the amount involved exceeded the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at year end for the last two completed years, and in which, to our knowledge, any of our directors, officers, five percent beneficial security holders, or any member of the immediate family of the foregoing persons had, or will have, a direct or indirect material interest. Our policy is to enter into transactions with related persons on terms that, on the whole, are no less favorable than those available from unaffiliated third parties. Based on our experience in the business sectors in which we operate and the terms of our transactions with unaffiliated third parties, we believe that all of the transactions described below met this policy standard at the time they occurred. All related person transactions are approved by our Board. The Board has determined that Dr. Daniel Aghion, Dr. Arie Mayer, Yehuda Reznick and Benjamin Shapiro are independent as defined under the rules promulgated by Nasdaq. **** **ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.** The aggregate fees billed by Kesselman & Kesselman, Certified Public Accountants (Isr.), a member of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, independent registered public accounting firm, for services rendered to us during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | Audit Fees(1) | | $ | 204,575 | | | $ | 124,882 | | | | Audit-Related Fees(2) | | | - | | | | 1,500 | | | | Tax Fees(3) | | | 26,946 | | | | 17,986 | | | | All Other Fees (4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | Total Fees | | $ | 231,521 | | | $ | 144,368 | | | | (1) | Amount represents fees paid for professional services for the audit of our consolidated financial statements, review of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in quarterly reports and services that are normally provided by our independent registered public accounting firm in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. | | | (2) | Represents fees paid for services rendered in connection with the IIA requirements. | | | (3) | Represents fees paid for tax consulting services. | | | (4) | There were no All Other Fees. All Other Fees would include fees that do not constitute Audit Fees, Audit Related Fees, or Tax Fees. | | SEC rules require that before the independent registered public accounting firm are engaged by us to render any auditing or permitted non-audit related service, the engagement be: (1) pre-approved by our Audit Committee; or (2) entered into pursuant to pre-approval policies and procedures established by the Audit Committee, provided the policies and procedures are detailed as to the particular service, the Audit Committee is informed of each service, and such policies and procedures do not include delegation of the Audit Committees responsibilities to management. The Audit Committee pre-approves all services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. All of the above services and fees were reviewed and approved by the Audit Committee before the services were rendered. 73 **PART IV** **ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.** | | (a) | Index to Financial Statements | | The following consolidated financial statements are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: | | | Page | | | REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (PCAOB name: Kesselman & Kesselman C.P.A.s, PCAOB ID: 1309 and Auditor Location: Tel Aviv, Israel) | | F-2 | | | | | | | | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: | | | | | Consolidated Balance Sheets | | F-4 | | | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | F-5 | | | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity | | F-6 | | | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | | F-7 | | | Notes to Consolidated financial Statements | | F-8 - F-51 | | F-1 * **Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm** To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. **Opinion on the Financial Statements** **** We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. **Basis for Opinion** These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Companys consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Kesselman & Kesselman, 146 Derech Menachem Begin St. Tel-Aviv 6492103, Israel, P.O Box 7187 Tel-Aviv 6107120, Telephone: +972 -3- 7954555, Fax:+972 -3- 7954556, www.pwc.com/il F-2 **Critical Audit Matters** The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Investments at fair value of tranche A note and tranche B note As described in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has $37,595 thousand investments at fair value as of December 31, 2025 relating to a tranche A note and a tranche B note issued to the Company by Scilex Holding Company. Management applied significant judgment in estimating the fair value of the investments, which also impacted the statement of comprehensive income (loss) of the Company by $44,647 thousand for the change in fair value of such investments in the year ended December 31, 2025. The fair value estimation involved the use of significant estimates and assumptions with respect to the repayment dates and amounts of the notes. The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to investments at fair value of tranche A note and tranche B note is a critical audit matter are (i) the high degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity in performing procedures relating to the fair value measurement of the investments recorded, due to significant judgment by management when developing the estimate; (ii) significant audit effort in evaluating the significant assumptions relating to the repayment dates and amounts of the notes; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge. Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included, among others, (i) reading the related agreements and (ii) testing managements process for estimating the fair value of the investments. Testing managements process included evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation methods, testing the completeness and accuracy of the data provided by management, and evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions related to the repayment dates and amounts of the notes. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Companys models. /s/ Kesselman & Kesselman Certified Public Accountants (Isr.) A member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited Tel Aviv, Israel March 26, 2026 We have served as the Companys auditor since 2008. F-3 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS In thousands (except share and per share data) | | | December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | ASSETS | | | | | | | | | CURRENT ASSETS: | | | | | | | | | Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 45,947 | | | $ | 54,420 | | | | Short-term deposits (note 2) | | | 10,979 | | | | 55,281 | | | | Marketable securities (note 3) | | | 5,417 | | | | 3,441 | | | | Investments at fair value (note 4,7) | | | 63,551 | | | | 28,788 | | | | Convertible note (note 9) | | | 4,636 | | | | - | | | | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 2,741 | | | | 1,291 | | | | Total current assets | | | 133,271 | | | | 143,221 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LONG-TERM ASSETS: | | | | | | | | | | | Long-term deposits | | | 2 | | | | 2 | | | | Marketable securities (note 3) | | | 8,371 | | | | - | | | | Investments at fair value (note 4,7) | | | 10,119 | | | | 7,387 | | | | Investment in associate at fair value (note 8) | | | 71,623 | | | | - | | | | Loan to an equity method investee (note 6) | | | 553 | | | | - | | | | Investment in real estate (note 5) | | | 1,921 | | | | - | | | | Other non-marketable equity securities (note 10) | | | 3,624 | | | | 3,524 | | | | Amounts funded in respect of employee rights upon retirement | | | 44 | | | | 32 | | | | Property and equipment, net | | | 586 | | | | 698 | | | | Operating lease right of use assets | | | 750 | | | | 414 | | | | Total long-term assets | | | 97,593 | | | | 12,057 | | | | Total assets | | $ | 230,864 | | | $ | 155,278 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | CURRENT LIABILITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | Accounts payable and accrued expenses (note 11) | | $ | 6,201 | | | $ | 5,140 | | | | Payable to related parties (note 20) | | | 652 | | | | 329 | | | | Deferred income (note 8) | | | 1,353 | | | | - | | | | Dividend Payable | | | 10,595 | | | | | | | | Operating lease liabilities | | | 285 | | | | 216 | | | | Total current liabilities | | | 19,086 | | | | 5,685 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LONG-TERM LIABILITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | Long-term deferred revenues (note 13) | | | 2,000 | | | | 4,000 | | | | Long-term deferred income (note 8) | | | 1,269 | | | | - | | | | Employee rights upon retirement | | | 39 | | | | 30 | | | | Operating lease liabilities | | | 540 | | | | 156 | | | | Dividend Payable | | | 275 | | | | | | | | Other liabilities | | | - | | | | 60 | | | | Deferred tax liabilities (note 18) | | | 7,911 | | | | | | | | Total long-term liabilities | | | 12,034 | | | | 4,246 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | COMMITMENTS (note 13) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMPANYS STOCKHOLDERS: | | | | | | | | | | | Common stock, $ 0.012 par value (60,000,000 authorized shares as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 39,275,006 and 39,919,545 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively) | | | 472 | | | | 480 | | | | Additional paid-in capital | | | 322,708 | | | | 322,401 | | | | Accumulated deficit | | | (123,436 | ) | | | (176,616 | ) | | | Total stockholders equity | | | 199,744 | | | | 146,265 | | | | Non-controlling interests | | | - | | | | (918 | ) | | | Total equity | | | 199,744 | | | | 145,347 | | | | Total liabilities and equity | | $ | 230,864 | | | $ | 155,278 | | | **The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.** **** F-4 **** **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) In thousands (except share and per share data) | | | Year ended December31, | | | Year ended December31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | REVENUES | | $ | 2,000 | | | $ | - | | | | COST OF REVENUE | | | (1,987 | ) | | | - | | | | GROSS PROFIT | | | 13 | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES | | | (6,381 | ) | | | (6,324 | ) | | | GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES | | | (8,720 | ) | | | (6,457 | ) | | | OPERATING LOSS | | | (15,088 | ) | | | (12,781 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | OTHER INCOME, NET | | | 958 | | | | - | | | | INTEREST EXPENSES (note 12) | | | - | | | | (853 | ) | | | FINANCIAL INCOME (LOSS), NET (note 17) | | | 89,454 | | | | (2,286 | ) | | | INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE TAX EXPENSES | | | 75,324 | | | | (15,920 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TAX EXPENSES | | | (11,308 | ) | | | (3,183 | ) | | | NET INCOME (LOSS) | | $ | 64,016 | | | $ | (19,103 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO: | | | | | | | | | | | NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS | | | (34 | ) | | | (43 | ) | | | COMPANYS STOCKHOLDERS | | $ | 64,050 | | | $ | (19,060 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BASIC INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK | | $ | 1.53 | | | $ | (0.48 | ) | | | DILUTED INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK | | $ | 1.50 | | | $ | (0.48 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK USED IN COMPUTING BASIC INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK | | | 41,402,997 | | | | 40,850,446 | | | | WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK USED IN COMPUTING DILUTED INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK | | | 42,418,644 | | | | 40,850,446 | | | **The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.** F-5 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY in thousands **Attributable to Companys Stockholders** | | | | | | Additional | | | | | | Total | | | Non- | | | | | | | | | Common Stock | | | paid-in | | | Accumulated | | | stockholders | | | controlling | | | Total | | | | | | Shares | | | $ | | | capital | | | deficit | | | equity | | | interests | | | Equity | | | | | | Inthousands | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BALANCE AS OF JANUARY 1, 2025 | | | 39,920 | | | | 480 | | | | 322,401 | | | | (176,616 | ) | | | 146,265 | | | | (918 | ) | | | 145,347 | | | | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | | | 1,410 | | | | 17 | | | | 5,975 | | | | - | | | | 5,992 | | | | - | | | | 5,992 | | | | REPURCHASE AND RETIREMENT OF COMMON STOCK | | | (2,055 | ) | | | (25 | ) | | | (4,716 | ) | | | - | | | | (4,741 | ) | | | - | | | | (4,741 | ) | | | DIVIDEND ON COMMON STOCK ($0.25 PER SHARE) | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | | | (10,870 | ) | | | (10,870 | ) | | | - | | | | (10,870 | ) | | | WAIVER OF LOAN GRANTED TO SUBSIDIARY | | | - | | | | - | | | | (952 | ) | | | - | | | | (952 | ) | | | 952 | | | | - | | | | NET INCOME | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 64,050 | | | | 64,050 | | | | (34 | ) | | | 64,016 | | | | BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2025 | | | 39,275 | | | | 472 | | | | 322,708 | | | | (123,436 | ) | | | 199,744 | | | | - | | | | 199,744 | | | **Attributable to Companys Stockholders** | | | | | | Additional | | | | | | Total | | | Non- | | | | | | | | | Common Stock | | | paid-in | | | Accumulated | | | stockholders | | | controlling | | | Total | | | | | | Shares | | | $ | | | capital | | | deficit | | | equity | | | interests | | | Equity | | | | | | Inthousands | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BALANCE AS OF JANUARY 1, 2024 | | | 40,339 | | | | 485 | | | | 320,892 | | | | (157,556 | ) | | | 163,821 | | | | (928 | ) | | | 162,893 | | | | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | | | 618 | | | | 7 | | | | 3,991 | | | | - | | | | 3,998 | | | | - | | | | 3,998 | | | | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION OF SUBSIDIARY | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 53 | | | | 53 | | | | REPURCHASE AND RETIREMENT OF COMMON STOCK | | | (1,037 | ) | | | (12 | ) | | | (2,482 | ) | | | - | | | | (2,494 | ) | | | - | | | | (2,494 | ) | | | NET INCOME (LOSS) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (19,060 | ) | | | (19,060 | ) | | | (43 | ) | | | (19,103 | ) | | | BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 | | | 39,920 | | | | 480 | | | | 322,401 | | | | (176,616 | ) | | | 146,265 | | | | (918 | ) | | | 145,347 | | | **The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.** **** F-6 **** **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS In thousands | | | Year ended December31, | | | Year ended December31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | Net income (loss) | | $ | 64,016 | | | $ | (19,103 | ) | | | Adjustments required to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | Depreciation | | | 121 | | | | 193 | | | | Exchange differences and interest on deposits | | | 830 | | | | (2,700 | ) | | | Changes in fair value of investments | | | (86,096 | ) | | | 7,413 | | | | Stock-based compensation | | | 5,992 | | | | 4,053 | | | | Gain on amounts funded in respect of employee rights upon retirement | | | (12 | ) | | | (5 | ) | | | Change in accrued interest on short-term borrowings | | | - | | | | (1,463 | ) | | | Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | (998 | ) | | | (356 | ) | | | Accounts payable, accrued expenses and related parties | | | 1,130 | | | | 3,525 | | | | Net changes in operating lease | | | 117 | | | | 43 | | | | Deferred revenues | | | (2,000 | ) | | | - | | | | Deferred income | | | (105 | ) | | | - | | | | Liability for employee rights upon retirement | | | 9 | | | | 2 | | | | Deferred tax liabilities | | | 7,911 | | | | - | | | | Other liabilities | | | (60 | ) | | | (14 | ) | | | Total net cash used in operating activities | | | (9,145 | ) | | | (8,412 | ) | | | CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | Purchase of property and equipment | | | (9 | ) | | | (18 | ) | | | Purchase of short-term deposits | | | (10,948 | ) | | | (54,450 | ) | | | Purchase of marketable securities | | | (9,846 | ) | | | - | | | | Investments at fair value | | | (64,712 | ) | | | (1,307 | ) | | | Purchase of convertible note | | | (3,000 | ) | | | - | | | | Proceeds from redemption of short-term deposits | | | 54,450 | | | | 97,152 | | | | Exercise of Closing Penny Warrants and Subsequent Penny Warrants | | | - | | | | (65 | ) | | | Proceeds from loan to an equity method investee | | | 6,251 | | | | - | | | | Loan to investment in equity method | | | (7,000 | ) | | | - | | | | Real estate investment | | | (1,924 | ) | | | - | | | | Equity method investee | | | (250 | ) | | | - | | | | Proceeds from long-term deposits | | | - | | | | 5 | | | | Proceeds from marketable securities | | | 2,865 | | | | - | | | | Proceeds from long-term investments | | | 39,566 | | | | 64,500 | | | | Total net cash provided by investing activities | | | 5,443 | | | | 105,817 | | | | CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | Repurchase and retirement of common stock | | | (4,741 | ) | | | (2,484 | ) | | | Loans repaid | | | - | | | | (49,550 | ) | | | Tax withholdings related to stock-based compensation settlements | | | - | | | | (2 | ) | | | Total net cash used in financing activities | | | (4,741 | ) | | | (52,036 | ) | | | EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | | | (30 | ) | | | (4 | ) | | | INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | | | (8,473 | ) | | | 45,365 | | | | CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR | | | 54,420 | | | | 9,055 | | | | CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR | | $ | 45,947 | | | $ | 54,420 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (A) SUPPLEMENTARY DISCLOSURE ON CASH FLOWS: | | | | | | | | | | | Interest paid | | $ | - | | | $ | 2,316 | | | | Interest received | | $ | 4,626 | | | $ | 7,376 | | | | (B) SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | 2024 Refinancing Tranche A | | | - | | | | (21,575 | ) | | | 2024 Refinancing Tranche B | | | - | | | | 25,000 | | | | Excise tax for repurchase and retirement of common stock | | | (15 | ) | | | (10 | ) | | | Recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities | | | 600 | | | | 58 | | | | Waiver of loan granted to subsidiary | | | 952 | | | | - | | | | Derecognition of right-of-use asset | | | - | | | | (26 | ) | | | Derecognition of lease liability | | | - | | | | 23 | | | | Purchases of marketable securities not yet settled | | | 254 | | | | - | | | | Dividends declared but not yet paid in cash | | | 10,870 | | | | - | | | | Warrants received from Alpha Tau | | | 2,727 | | | | - | | | **The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.** F-7 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:** | | a. | General | | Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, the Company, unless the context indicates otherwise), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated on April 12, 2002. On May 14, 2007, the Company incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary in Israel, Oramed Ltd. (the Subsidiary), which is engaged in research and development. On March 18, 2021, the Company entered into a license agreement with Oravax Medical Inc. (Oravax) and holds 63% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Oravax, on a fully diluted basis, as of the date of issuance. Consequently, Oramed consolidates Oravax in its consolidated financial statements since that time. As of December 31, 2025, Oravax ceased its operations. As a result, the Company waved the loan owed by Oravax to the Company (waver of the loan). In connection with the waiver of the loan, which effectively constituted a benefit to the non-controlling interest, the Company recognized the impact as an adjustment to non-controlling interest balance, with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. On July 1, 2024, the Company incorporated a wholly-owned subsidiary in Nevada, Oramed NewCo, Inc. (OraTech), which was initially intended to serve as the joint venture entity with Hefei Tianhui Biotech Co., Ltd. (HTIT) (see below). Following the termination of the JV Agreement with HTIT, the Company intends to use OraTech as a corporate vehicle for the transaction with Lifeward (for additional information see note 21). Joint venture with HTIT* On February 7, 2025, the Company and HTIT entered into a Joint Venture Agreement (the JV Agreement), amending the Initial JV Agreement. The joint venture (JV) was formed with the purpose of advancing the development and commercialization of oral insulin, combining the Companys proprietary technology and funding with HTITs manufacturing capabilities. Through this partnership, the JV was expected to have the technology, resources, and production capacity to bring oral insulin to market. The initial closing of the JV Agreement, initially set on April 30, 2025, and was subsequently extended. However, HTIT was unable to satisfy the closing conditions under the JV Agreement and the supplemental agreement. On October 23, 2025, the Company provided notice to HTIT to terminate the JV Agreement and the supplemental agreement. *Investment in Alpha Tau Medical Ltd.* In April 2025, the Subsidiary acquired approximately 17% of the outstanding ordinary shares of Alpha Tau Medical Ltd. (Alpha Tau) (Nasdaq: DRTS) for an aggregate purchase price of $36,900. Concurrently, the Subsidiary and Alpha Tau also entered into a services arrangement (Service Agreement). Further details are provided in note 8. | b. | Basis of presentation | | The consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). | c. | Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements | | The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the financial statements date and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As applicable to these consolidated financial statements, the most significant estimates and assumptions relate to the investments at fair value (for further details, see note 4). F-8 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**(continued): | | d. | Functional currency | | The currency of the primary economic environment in which the operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are conducted is the U.S. dollar ($ or dollar). Therefore, the functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the dollar. Transactions and balances originally denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Balances in foreign currencies are translated into dollars using historical and current exchange rates for non-monetary and monetary balances, respectively. For foreign transactions and other items reflected in the statements of operations, the following exchange rates are used: (1) for transactions exchange rates at transaction dates or average rates and (2) for other items (derived from non-monetary balance sheet items such as depreciation) historical exchange rates. The resulting transaction gains or losses are carried to financial income or expenses, as appropriate. | | e. | Repurchase and retirement of common stock | | The Company debited the common stock account by the par value of the shares retired and allocated the excess of the repurchase price over the par value of the shares to additional paid in capital. | f. | Principles of consolidation | | The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. | | g. | Cash equivalents | | The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments, which include short-term deposits with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase that are not restricted as to withdrawal or use and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, to be cash equivalents. | | h. | Fair value measurement: | | The Company measures fair value and discloses fair value measurements for financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In order to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, the guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels, which are described as follows: | | Level 1: | Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs. | | | | | | | | | Level 2: | Observable prices that are based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. | | | | | | | | | Level 3: | Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. | | F-9 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**(continued): | | h. | Fair value measurement (continued): | | The Companys financial assets subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis and the level of inputs used in such measurements were as follows: | | | December31, 2025 | | | | | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Fair Value | | | | Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Marketable Securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DNA | | | 540 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 540 | | | | Entera | | | 227 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 227 | | | | Nano | | | 8,371 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 8,371 | | | | Pelthos | | | 4,650 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 4,650 | | | | Investment in Alpha Taus shares (see note 8) | | | 71,623 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 71,623 | | | | Loan to an equity method investee (see note 6) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 553 | | | | 553 | | | | Warrants Note B (see note 4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 850 | | | | 850 | | | | Tranche A Note (see note 4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 23,063 | | | | 23,063 | | | | Tranche B Note (see note 4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 11,473 | | | | 11,473 | | | | Royalty Purchase Agreement (see note 4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 2,209 | | | | 2,209 | | | | Profit Sharing Loan Agreement (see note 4 (e)) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,890 | | | | 1,890 | | | | Loan agreement measured in fair value (see note 7) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 27,943 | | | | 27,943 | | | | Investment in Alpha Taus warrants (see note 8) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 6,242 | | | | 6,242 | | | | Convertible note (see note 9) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 4,636 | | | | 4,636 | | | | | | $ | 85,411 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 78,859 | | | $ | 164,270 | | | | | | December31, 2024 | | | | | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Fair Value | | | | Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Marketable Securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DNA | | | 424 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 424 | | | | Entera | | | 248 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 248 | | | | Scilex | | | 2,769 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 2,769 | | | | Subsequent Penny Warrants (see note 4) | | | - | | | | 2,772 | | | | - | | | | 2,772 | | | | Warrants Note B (see note 4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 548 | | | | 548 | | | | Tranche A Note (see note 4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 13,714 | | | | 13,714 | | | | Tranche B Note (see note 4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 15,798 | | | | 15,798 | | | | Royalty Purchase Agreement (see note 4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,976 | | | | 1,976 | | | | Profit Sharing Loan Agreement (see note 4) | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,367 | | | | 1,367 | | | | | | $ | 3,441 | | | $ | 2,772 | | | $ | 33,403 | | | $ | 39,616 | | | As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the carrying amounts of cash equivalents, short-term deposits, and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The amounts funded in respect of employee rights are stated at cash surrender value which approximates its fair value. F-10 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**(continued): | | i. | Marketable securities | | The Company measured the investments in equity securities of IC Hotels (DNA), Entera Bio Ltd. (Entera), Nano Dimension Ltd (Nano) and Pelthos Therapeutics Inc. (Pelthos) at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. The Company intends to exercise the investments in DNA, Entera and Pelthos during 2026 and has classified these marketable securities as short-term accordingly. | | j. | Other non-marketable equity securities | | The Company also invested in non-marketable equity securities through an investment in a privately held company. This equity investment does not have a readily determinable fair value. The investment is measured under the measurement alternative in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 321 Investments Equity Securities to the extent such an investment is not subject to consolidation or the equity method. Under the measurement alternative, this equity investment is carried at cost, less any impairment, adjusted for changes resulting from observable price changes in transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The investment would be impaired in accordance with the provisions of ASC 820 Fair Value Measurement if, based on a qualitative assessment of impairment indicators, the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying amount. If considered impaired, the difference between the carrying amount and fair value would be recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). see note 10. | | k. | Investments measured at fair value | | The Company invested in the Tranche A Note (as defined in note 4), Tranche B Note (as defined in note 4) (collectively the Notes), Loan to an equity method investee, Convertible note, Investment in Alpha Tau and Royalty Purchase Agreement issued by Scilex, for which it has elected the fair value option. Under the Fair Value Option Subsections of ASC Subtopic 825-10, Financial Instruments Overall, the Company has the irrevocable option to report financial assets at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Scilex also issued to the Company the Note A Transferred Warrants and Note B Warrants (as defined in note 4) that meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging. Therefore, such warrants will be measured at fair value initially and at every reporting period. The Company entered into a loan agreement to finance real estate projects. The Company decided to designate the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement (as define in note 4) and the Hapisga (as define in note 7) as a whole under the Fair-Value option in accordance with ASC Topic 825 Financial Instruments. Changes in the fair value are recorded under financial income (expenses), net. | | l. | Concentration of credit risks | | Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short and long-term deposits, which are deposited in major financial institutions, Profit Sharing Loan Agreement, Hapisga, Royalty Purchase Agreement, convertible note and the Notes. The Company is of the opinion that the credit risk in respect of these balances is remote, except for the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement, Hapisga, Royalty Purchase Agreement, convertible note and the Notes for which the Company is of the opinion there is a credit risk, which is reflected in its fair value measurement (for further details, see note 4). F-11 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**(continued): | | m. | Income taxes | | | | 1. | Deferred taxes | | Deferred taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability method based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities under the applicable tax laws. Deferred tax balances are computed using the tax rates expected to be in effect when those differences reverse. A valuation allowance in respect of deferred tax assets is provided if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of certain entities, as management has determined that it is not more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will be realized. For further details see note 18. Taxes that would apply in the event of disposal of investments in the Israeli subsidiary have not been taken into account in computing deferred taxes, as it is the Companys intention to hold this investment, not to realize it. | | 2. | Uncertainty in income tax | | The Company follows a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Such liabilities are classified as long-term, unless the liability is expected to be resolved within 12 months from the balance sheet date. The Companys policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expenses. | n. | Revenue recognition | | ** *HTIT* On November 30, 2015, the Company entered into a Technology License Agreement, with HTIT and on December 21, 2015, the parties entered into an Amended and Restated Technology License Agreement that was further amended by the parties on June 3, 2016 and July 24, 2016 (the HTIT License Agreement). As of December 31, 2024, an aggregate amount of $22,382 was allocated to the HTIT License Agreement, all of which were received through December 31, 2024. Through December 31, 2024, the Company recognized revenue associated with this agreement in the aggregate amount of $20,382, and deferred the remaining amount of $2,000, which was presented as long-term deferred revenues on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. In the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized revenue associated with the HTIT License Agreement in an amount of $2,000 following HTITs waiver of any claims and demands against the Company, which was signed in connection with the JV Agreement. As of December 31, 2025, all revenue associated with the contract was fully recognized. F-12 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**(continued): | | o. | Other income | | The Company recognizes income from its Service Agreement with Alpha Tau for investor relations and public relations on a straight-line basis. Under the Service Agreement, the Company received non-cash consideration of Alpha Tau Warrants (as defined below) to purchase up to 3,237,000 shares, measured at their issuance date fair value of $2,727 and entitled to receive six semi-annual payments of $500, totaling $3,000. The income is presented under the Other income, net line item (net of related expenses), since the Company does not view investor relations services to be output of its ordinary activities. In addition, changes in the fair value of the Alpha Tau Warrants are presented under Financial Income (loss), net. During 2025, the Company issued invoices in an aggregate amount of $997. Of this amount, $553 was recognized as income and recorded under Other income, net, while the remaining $444 was deferred and presented under Deferred income. In addition, the Company recorded an income of $549 related to the straight-line recognition of the Alpha Tau Warrants under Other income, net. For further details, see Note 8. | p. | Research and development | | Research and development expenses include costs directly attributable to the conduct of research and development programs, including the cost of salaries, stock-based compensation, employee benefits, the cost of supplies, the cost of services provided by outside contractors, including services related to the Companys clinical trials, clinical trial expenses and the full cost of manufacturing drug for use in research and preclinical development. All costs associated with research and development are expensed as incurred. Clinical trial costs are a significant component of research and development expenses and include costs associated with third-party contractors. The Company outsources a substantial portion of its clinical trial activities, utilizing external entities such as Clinical Research Organizations (CROs), independent clinical investigators, and other third-party service providers to assist the Company with the execution of its clinical trials. For each clinical trial that the Company conducts, clinical trial costs are expensed immediately. | | q. | Stock-based compensation | | Equity awards granted to employees are accounted for using the grant date fair value method. The grant date fair value is determined as follows: for stock options with an exercise price and only service conditions, using the Black Scholes pricing model; for stock options and performance stock units (PSUs) with market conditions using a Monte Carlo model; and for restricted stock units (RSUs) with service conditions and PSUs with performance conditions, based on the grant date share price. F-13 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**(continued): | | q. | Stock-based compensation (continued): | | The fair value of share based payment awards is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period. The expected term is the length of time until the expected dates of exercising the award and is estimated using the simplified method due to insufficient specific historical information of employees exercise behavior, unless the award includes a market condition, in which case the contractual term is used. The volatility is based on a historical volatility, by statistical analysis of the weekly share price for past periods. The Company elected to recognize compensation cost for awards granted to employees that have a graded vesting schedule using the accelerated method based on the multiple-option award approach. For awards with market conditions, compensation expense is not reversed if the market conditions are not satisfied. If a market condition associated with PSUs is satisfied earlier than originally expected, any remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to such awards is recognized immediately. The Company elects to account for forfeitures as they occur. | | r. | Income (loss) per share of common stock | | Basic income (loss) per common stock is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for each period, including vested restricted stock units (RSUs). The net income available to common stockholders is reduced by dividend equivalents declared on unvested RSUs, as such awards are not considered participating securities and are excluded from the basic share count. For the diluted income (loss) per common stock calculation for the year ended December 31, 2025, dividend equivalents attributable to unvested RSUs were added back to the numerator only when the RSUs referred to are dilutive. The weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the potential dilution that could occur in connection with employee share-based payment, using the treasury stock method. As the Company had a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024, all potentially dilutive common stock were considered antidilutive and therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding. For further details, see Note 16. | | s. | Investment in Alpha Tau | | The Company holds an investment in Alpha Tau granting it significant influence over the investee. In determining whether the Company has significant influence, the Company considered not only whether its ownership is equal to or greater than 20%, but less than or equal to 50%, but also whether it has a board seat and whether it participates in the policy-making process of the investee, among other criteria. F-14 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**(continued): | | s. | Investment in Alpha Tau (continued): | | Investments granting significant influence are generally accounted for under the equity method. For the investment in Alpha Tau, the Company has elected the fair value option under ASC 825-10. The fair value option has been elected as the Company believes it best reflects the underlying economics of the investment in Alpha Tau. As a result, the Company recognizes the change in the fair value in Financial income (loss), net. Summarized financial information for Alpha Tau, as determined in accordance with Rule 8-03(b)(3) of Regulation S-X is included in note 8. | | t. | Leases | | The Company leases real estate and cars for use in its operations, which are classified as operating leases. In addition to rent, the leases may require the Company to pay directly for fees, insurance, maintenance and other operating expenses. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right of use assets and operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Right of use (ROU) assets represent the Companys right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Companys obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of the lease payments. Lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of its leases. Lease terms will include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will either exercise or not exercise the option to renew or terminate the lease. The Companys lease agreements have remaining lease terms ranging from 1 year to 5 years. Some of these agreements include options to extend the leases for up to an additional 5 years and some include options to terminate the leases immediately. For further details, see Note 13. F-15 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**(continued): | | u. | New accounting pronouncements | | *Recently adopted accounting pronouncements* In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This guidance is intended to enhance the transparency and decision-usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to disclosure regarding rate reconciliation and income taxes paid both in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this standard on a prospective basis. For further details, see note 18. ** *Recently issued accounting pronouncements, not yet adopted* In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income StatementReporting Comprehensive IncomeExpense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disclosure about the types of costs and expenses included in certain expense captions presented on the income statement as well as disclosures about selling expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements disclosures. In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05 Financial InstrumentsCredit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The ASU introduces a practical expedient for all entities when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under ASC 606. Under the practical expedient, when developing reasonable and supportable forecast as part of estimating expected credit losses, an entity may assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted in both interim and annual reporting periods. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-05 on its consolidated financial statements if it elects to apply the practical expedient. In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-07 (ASU 2025-07), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The guidance refines the scope of Topic 815 by clarifying which contracts are subject to derivative accounting and expand the scope exception for certain contracts not traded on an exchange to include contracts for which settlement is based on operations or activities specific to one of the parties to the contract. The guidance also provides clarification under Topic 606 for share-based payments from a customer in a revenue contract. The amendments in ASU 2025-07 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied prospectively or on a modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. F-16 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 2 - SHORT-TERM DEPOSITS:** **** | Composition: | | | | | December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | | | Annual interestrate | | | Amount | | | Annual interestrate | | | Amount | | | | Dollar deposits | | | 4.15-5.10 | % | | | 10,979 | | | | 5.65-5.75 | % | | | 55,281 | | | **NOTE 3 - MARKETABLE SECURITIES:** | | a. | Composition: | | The Companys marketable securities include investments in equity securities of DNA, Entera, Scilex, Nano and Pelthos. **** | | | December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | Short-term: | | | | | | | | | DNA (see b below) | | $ | 540 | | | $ | 424 | | | | Entera (see c below) | | | 227 | | | | 248 | | | | Scilex (see d below) | | | - | | | | 2,769 | | | | Pelthos (see f below) | | | 4,650 | | | | - | | | | | | $ | 5,417 | | | | 3,441 | | | | | | December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | Long-term: | | | | | | | | | Nano (see e below) | | | 8,371 | | | | - | | | | | | $ | 8,371 | | | | - | | | | | b. | DNA | | DNAs ordinary shares are traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. The fair value of those securities is measured at the quoted prices of the securities on the measurement date. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not sell any of DNAs ordinary shares. The Company recognized an unrealized gain on its investment in DNA of $116 in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the Company owns approximately 0.20% of DNAs outstanding ordinary shares. F-17 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 3 - MARKETABLE SECURITIES**(continued): | | c. | Entera | | Entera ordinary shares have been traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market since June 28, 2018. The Company measures the investment at fair value from such date, since it has a readily determinable fair value. The fair value of those securities is measured at the quoted prices of the securities on the measurement date. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not sell any of Enteras ordinary shares. The Company recognized an unrealized gain on its investment in Entera of $(21) in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the Company owns approximately 0.26% of Enteras outstanding ordinary shares. | | d. | Scilex | | Scilex common stock are traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The fair value of those securities is measured at the quoted prices of the securities on the measurement date. Through December 31, 2025, the Company sold all shares of Scilex common stock for total gross proceeds of $2,865. Following the sale, the Company no longer holds any shares of Scilex common stock. | | e. | Nano | | On November 11, 2025, the Company purchased ordinary shares of Nano Dimension Ltd (Nano), through December 31, 2025, the Company purchased 5,436,791 ordinary shares for an aggregate purchase price of $8,501. The aggregate purchase price excludes transaction fees equal to 1% of the number of shares purchased in each transaction, amounting to $54, which were expensed as incurred. The fair value of those securities is measured at the quoted prices of the securities on the measurement date. The Company recognized an unrealized gain on its investment in Nano of $(130) in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the Company owns approximately 2.58% of Nanos outstanding ordinary shares. For more information, see note 21. | | f. | Pelthos | | On July 1, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Pelthos Therapeutics Inc. (Pelthos), pursuant to which the Company invested $1,500 and acquired 150,000 shares of Pelthos common stock. The Company recognized an unrealized gain on its investment in Pelthos of $3,150 in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2025. Pelthos common stock are traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The fair value of those securities is measured at the quoted prices of the securities on the measurement date. As of December 31, 2025, the Company owns approximately 4.9% of Pelthoss outstanding common stock. For more information, see note 21. F-18 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS, AT FAIR VALUE:** **2023 Scilex Transaction and 2024 Refinancing** **** On April 14, 2025, Scilex effected a 1-for-35 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding common stock (Reverse Split). As a result, every 35 shares of Scilex common stock were automatically reclassified into 1 share of common stock, with fractional shares rounded up to the nearest whole share. Unless otherwise indicated, all share numbers presented below reflect the effect of the Reverse Split. The 6,500,000 Subsequent Penny Warrants (as defined below) that were outstanding as of the Reverse Split date, were not subject to adjustment under the Reverse Split. **** **2023 Scilex Transaction** On September 21, 2023, the Company entered into and consummated the transactions (collectively, the 2023 Scilex Transaction) contemplated by a securities purchase agreement with Scilex, pursuant to which Scilex issued to the Company: | | a. | A senior secured promissory note (the Tranche A Note), with a principal amount of $101,875, initially maturing on March 21, 2025 and bearing interest of SOFR plus 8.5%, payable in-kind. Scheduled principal payments were due quarterly from December 21, 2023, through December 21, 2024, with the remaining balance due on March 21, 2025. The maturity was subsequently extended to December 31, 2025, in exchange for 92,858 shares of Scilex common stock. An exit fee of $3,056 became payable when the note was not repaid by March 21, 2024. Following the Option Agreement (as defined below), the maturity was subsequently extended to March 31, 2026. As of December 31, 2025, Scilex had repaid $69,200 of the amount due under the Tranche A Note and refinanced $25,000 as part of the 2024 Refinancing (as defined below). As of March 26, 2026, the outstanding principal balance of the Tranche A Note is $7,675 and accrued interest totaled $17,153. | | | | | | | | | | The Tranche A Note constitutes senior secured indebtedness of Scilex and is guaranteed by all existing or future formed, direct and indirect, domestic subsidiaries of Scilex and is secured by a first priority security interest and liens on all of the assets of Scilex, subject to customary and mutually agreed permitted liens and except for certain specified exemptions. | | | | b. | Warrants to purchase up to 128,572 shares of Scilex common stock with an exercise price of $0.35 per share (the Closing Penny Warrants) and additional warrants (the Subsequent Penny Warrants) to purchase up to 57,143 shares of Scilex common stock (after giving effect to the Reverse Split) and warrants to purchase up to 6,500,000 shares of Scilex common stock (which such amount was not adjusted for the Reverse Split pursuant to the terms of such warrants) with an exercise price of $0.35 and $0.01 per share, respectively. During 2024, the Company exercised 128,572 Closing Penny Warrants and 57,143 Subsequent Penny Warrants. On July 22, 2025, the Company entered into an option agreement (the Option Agreement) with Scilex, granting Scilex the right to repurchase the Company remaining 6,500,000 Subsequent Penny Warrants for $27,000 plus a $1,500 fee. In two separate installments on September 30, 2025 and December 30, 2025, Scilex exercised its right under the Option Agreement and repurchased all of the subject warrants for total proceeds to the Company of $ 28,500 (including the option fee). As of December 31, 2025, the Company does not hold any Subsequent Penny Warrants. | | F-19 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS, AT FAIR VALUE**(continued): **** **2023 Scilex Transaction (continued)** **** | | c. | Transferred warrants (the Transferred Warrants) to purchase 114,286 shares of Scilex common stock with an exercise price of $402.50 per share, fully exercisable and expiring on November 10, 2027. On September 20, 2024, the Company sold the Transferred Warrants for $300. As of December 31, 2025, the Company no longer held any Transferred Warrants. | | The Company selected the fair value option for the Tranche A Note and the Penny Warrants in order to reduce operational complexity of bifurcating embedded derivatives. Changes in value are recorded under financial income (loss), net and include interest income on the Tranche A Note. The valuation was performed based on several scenarios. Each scenario took into consideration the present value of the Tranche A Notes cash flows and the Warrants value. The total value of the 2023 Scilex Transaction (and of each of its components) was valued on a weighted average of the different scenarios. The discount rate of the Tranche A Note was based on the B- rating zero curve in addition to a risk premium which takes into account the credit risk of Scilex and ranged between 111.86 % to 111.78%. The table below represents the fair value composition of the Tranche A Note: | | | December31, 2025 | | | December31, 2024 | | | | Tranche A Note | | $ | 23,063 | | | $ | 13,714 | | | | Subsequent Penny Warrants | | $ | - | | | $ | 2,772 | | | | Total | | $ | 23,063 | | | $ | 16,486 | | | As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Tranche A Note is included under Investments at fair value, current assets. As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the fair value of the Tranche A Note was less than the aggregate unpaid principal balance (which includes interest payable on maturity) by $1,765 and $8,114, respectively. F-20 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS, AT FAIR VALUE**(continued): **2024 Refinancing** In October 2024, the Company entered into the transactions (collectively, the 2024 Refinancing) pursuant to which Scilex issued to the Company: a. Convertible Notes SPA The Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the Convertible Notes SPA) with the other Tranche Note B holders (together with the Company, the Buyers) and Scilex to refinance a portion of the Tranche A Note and pay off certain other indebtedness of Scilex. Pursuant to the Convertible Notes SPA, the Buyers purchased in a registered offering by Scilex (i) a new tranche B of senior secured convertible notes of Scilex in the aggregate principal amount of $50,000 (the Tranche B Note) repayable on a quarterly basis for 2 years, which Tranche B Note is convertible into shares of Scilex common stock and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 214,286 shares of Scilex common stock with an exercise price of $36.4 (the Tranche B Warrants). The Company purchased 50% of the Tranche B Note and the Tranche B Warrants, equal to an aggregate principal amount of $25,000 of the Tranche B Note and 107,143 Tranche B Warrants. Scilex received from the Company, in consideration of the Tranche B Note and the Tranche B Warrants issued to the Company, an exchange and reduction of the principal outstanding balance under the Tranche A Note of $22,500. As of December 31, 2025, Scilex has repaid $9,875 of the principal amount outstanding under the Tranche B Note, leaving a remaining principal balance of $15,125 with accrued interest of $495. The Tranche B Note matures on October 8, 2026. b. Royalty Purchase Agreement The Company and the other Tranche Note B holders (together with the Company, the RPA Purchasers) entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the Royalty Purchase Agreement) with Scilex and Scilex Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Scilex Pharma). Pursuant to the Royalty Purchase Agreement, the RPA Purchasers acquired the right to receive, in the aggregate, 8% of net sales worldwide for 10 years (the Purchased Receivables) with respect to ZTLido (lidocaine topical system) 1.8%, SP-103 (lidocaine topical system) 5.4%, and any related, improved, successor, replacement or varying dosage forms of the foregoing. The Company acquired the right to receive 50% of the Purchased Receivables and therefore holds the right to receive 4% royalties. In consideration for its interest in the Purchased Receivables, the Company exchanged and reduced $2,500 of the principal balance under the Tranche A Note. c. ZTlido Rest of the World Binding Agreement The Company and certain other institutional investors and Scilex entered into a binding term sheet (ROW License Term Sheet), regarding a license and development agreement, with respect to services, compositions, products, dosages and formulations comprising lidocaine, including without limitation, the product and any future product defined as a Product under Scilex Pharmas existing (i) Product development agreement, dated as of May 11, 2011, with Oishi Koseido Co., Ltd. (Oishi), and Itochu Chemical Frontier Corporation (Itochu), as amended, and (ii) the associated commercial supply agreement, dated February 16, 2017, between Scilex, Oishi and Itochu, as amended. F-21 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS, AT FAIR VALUE**(continued): **2024 Refinancing (continued)** The Company and such institutional investors hold this license through RoyaltyVest. See note 6 for additional information about RoyaltyVest. The institutional investors who are parties to the Convertible Notes SPA, Royalty Purchase Agreement and the ZTLido License Agreement are all inter-related. d. Tranche B Note Consent On January 2, 2025, the Company and other Tranche B Note holders entered into deferral and consent agreements with Scilex (the Tranche B Consent), deferring Scilexs first amortization payment under the Tranche B Note to October 8, 2026. In consideration, the Company received $877 ($500 of the principal amount and $377 of accrued interest), and 71,429 shares of Scilex common stock. As part of the Tranche B Consent and contingent upon certain conditions that were met: | | Scilex and the Tranche B Note holders agreed to a 10-year, assignable 4% royalty on global net sales of Gloperba and Elyxyb, excluding Elyxyb sales in Canada, with the Company entitled to 2%. Gloperba, an oral liquid colchicine formulation for gout, and Elyxyb, an oral solution for acute migraine treatment, represent key assets in Scilexs portfolio. The definitive agreement was signed on February 28, 2025. | | | | The Tranche B Note holders had the option, through RoyaltyVest, to fund up to 50% of the cash purchase price for Ex-U.S. product rights to Gloperba and Elyxyb (excluding Elyxyb in Canada) and will receive proportional revenues from commercialization and licensing. As of December 31, 2025, RoyaltyVest exercised its option to Ex-U.S. product rights of Gloperba for $500. See note 6 for further details. | | e. Warrant Agreement In October 2025, the Company agreed to defer an amortization payment due from Scilex on October 1, 2025 under the amortization schedule included in the Tranche B Notes. The deferred amortization payment was subsequently paid to us in November 2025. In consideration for this deferral, Scilex agreed to issue to the Company warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of Scilexs common stock, par value $0.0001 per share with an exercise price of $20. The warrants were issued on February 19, 2026. The Company elected the fair value option for the Tranche B Note and the Royalty Purchase Agreement, the Note B Warrants meet the definition of a derivative and therefore will be measured at fair value. Changes in value are recorded under financial income (loss), net and include interest income on the Tranche B Note. F-22 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS, AT FAIR VALUE**(continued): **2024 Refinancing (continued)** The valuation of the Tranche B Notes was performed based on the binomial model, using a discount rate of 111.89%. Presented below is the summary of the assumptions and estimates that were used for the valuation as of December 31, 2025: | Parameters and Assumptions | | | | | | Share Price | | $ | 12.20 | | | | Conversion Rate | | | 36.40 | | | | Floor Rate | | | 36.40 | | | | Expected Term | | | 0.77 | | | | Volatility | | | 66.39 | % | | | Risk Free Rate | | | 3.44 | % | | | Yield | | | 75.09 | % | | The fair value of the Note B Warrants was calculated based on Black and Scholes model. Presented below is the summary of the assumptions and estimates that were used for the valuation of the Warrants as of December 31, 2025: | Parameters and Assumptions | | | | | | Share Price | | $ | 12.20 | | | | Exercise Price | | $ | 20 36.4 | | | | Expected Term | | | 3.77 3.95 | | | | Volatility | | | 68.63 68.27 | % | | | Risk Free Rate | | | 3.57 3.58 | % | | | Dividend Rate | | | 0 | % | | The value of the Royalty Purchase Agreement was calculated according to the royalty payment schedule and the aggregation of discounted cash flows derived from the royalty payments, using a discount rate of between 111.51% to 111.83%. As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the fair value of the Tranche B Note was less than the aggregate unpaid principal balance (which includes interest payable on maturity) by $4,488 and $9,833, respectively. The table below represents the fair value composition of the Tranche B Note: | | | December 31, 2025 | | | December 31, 2024 | | | | | | Short term | | | Long term | | | Total | | | Short term | | | Long term | | | Total | | | | Tranche Note B | | $ | 11,473 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 11,473 | | | $ | 11,263 | | | $ | 4,535 | | | $ | 15,798 | | | | Warrant | | $ | - | | | $ | 850 | | | $ | 850 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 548 | | | $ | 548 | | | | Royalty Purchase Agreement | | $ | 1,072 | | | $ | 1,137 | | | $ | 2,209 | | | $ | 1,039 | | | $ | 937 | | | $ | 1,976 | | | | Total | | $ | 12,545 | | | $ | 1,987 | | | $ | 14,532 | | | $ | 12,302 | | | $ | 6,020 | | | $ | 18,322 | | | F-23 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS, AT FAIR VALUE**(continued): **Scilex Transaction Summary** The table below represents the fair value cycle of 2023 Scilex Transaction and 2024 Refinancing Transaction throughout December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025: | | | TrancheA | | | TrancheB | | | Total | | | | Balance as of December 31, 2023 | | $ | 110,188 | | | | - | | | $ | 110,188 | | | | 2024 Refinancing | | | (21,575 | ) | | | 25,000 | | | | 3,425 | | | | Proceeds from the sale of Transferred Warrants | | | (300 | ) | | | - | | | | (300 | ) | | | Cash received from Tranche A Note repayment | | | (64,200 | ) | | | - | | | | (64,200 | ) | | | Exercised warrants (*) | | | (6,123 | ) | | | - | | | | (6,123 | ) | | | Amounts receivable from the royalty agreement | | | - | | | | (398 | ) | | | (398 | ) | | | Change in fair value | | | (1,504 | ) | | | (6,280 | ) | | | (7,784 | ) | | | Balance as of December 31, 2024 | | | 16,486 | | | | 18,322 | | | | 34,808 | | | | Amounts receivable from the royalty agreement (**) | | | - | | | | (1,640 | ) | | | (1,640 | ) | | | Principal payments | | | | | | | (9,875 | ) | | | (9,875 | ) | | | Proceeds from the sale of Subsequent Penny Warrants | | | (28,500 | ) | | | - | | | | (28,500 | ) | | | Interest payments | | | | | | | (1,845 | ) | | | (1,845 | ) | | | Change in fair value | | | 35,077 | | | | 9,570 | | | | 44,647 | | | | Balance as of December 31, 2025 | | $ | 23,063 | | | $ | 14,532 | | | $ | 37,595 | | | | (*) | On October 30, 2024 the Company exercised 128,572 Closing Penny Warrants, and 57,143 Subsequent Penny Warrants into 185,715 shares of common stock of Scilex and as a result, these shares are not part of the Tranche A Note. As of December 31, 2025, the Company no longer holds any shares of Scilex common stock. | | | (**) | As of December 31, 2025, out of this amount $449 is included under prepaid expenses and other current assets. | | Financial income (loss) recognized in respect of the 2023 Scilex Transaction and the 2024 Refinancing, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, were $44,647 and ($4,359), respectively. The table below represents the fair value breakdown as of December 31, 2025: | | | Tranche A Note | | | Tranche B Note | | | Total | | | | | | Amount | | | Accrued Interest | | | Fair Value | | | Amount | | | Accrued Interest | | | Fair Value | | | Fair Value | | | | Notes | | $ | 7,675 | | | $ | 17,153 | | | $ | 23,063 | | | $ | 15,125 | | | $ | 341 | | | $ | 11,473 | | | $ | 34,536 | | | | Warrants | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 207,143 | | | | - | | | $ | 850 | | | $ | 850 | | | | Royalty Purchase Agreement payment | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | $ | 2,209 | | | $ | 2,209 | | | | December 31, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | $ | 23,063 | | | | | | | | - | | | $ | 14,532 | | | $ | 37,595 | | | F-24 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS, AT FAIR VALUE**(continued): **Scilex Transaction Summary (continued)** **** During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company sold 350,000 shares of common stock of Scilex. As of December 31, 2025, the Company no longer holds any shares of Scilex common stock. All Scilex securities described above are subject to a beneficial ownership limitation, which restricts the Companys holdings to a maximum of 9.99% of Scilexs outstanding shares at any time. | | | Profit Sharing Loan Agreement | | On September 4, 2024, the Company entered into a loan agreement (the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement) with Rabi Binyamin 4 Tama 38 Ltd. (the Borrower) to finance a real estate project (the Project). According to the terms of the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement, Oramed agreed to loan NIS 5.5 million ($1,523) (the Loan Principal) to the Borrower. NIS 4.7 million ($1,307) was loaned upon signing the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement and an additional NIS 0.8 million ($237) will be loaned upon achievement of certain milestones. On October 28, 2025, the Borrower met the milestones and became entitled to the additional payment. Upon completion of the Project, the Company is entitled to receive the Loan Principal and the greater of: (i) 20% annual interest of the Loan Principal and (ii) 40% of the Project profits. On September 14, 2025, the Company loaned an additional NIS 0.5 million ($150) to the Borrower (Additional Loan). The Additional Loan bears an annual interest of 6% and shall be repaid by December 31, 2025. According to the Additional Loan agreement, the Company shall be entitled to instruct the Borrower that instead of repaying the Additional Loan on the maturity date, the principal amount of the loan, as well as any accrued interest up to the date of such notice, shall be deemed to constitute a loan amount provided by the Company, as part of the remaining portion of the Profit-Sharing Loan Agreement. As of December 31, 2025 the Additional Loan had not been repaid. The maturity date of the Additional Loan was subsequently extended to June 30, 2026. The Company decided to designate the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement as a whole under the Fair-Value option in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 825 Financial Instruments. The valuation of the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement was based on various project profit scenarios. The Company used the Wang Transform model, a risk-neutral probabilities method, with an expected term of 2.67 years, a curve rate of 16.32% and a risk spread of 0.43%. The value of the Profit Sharing Loan Agreement and the Additional Loan as of December 31, 2025 was $1,890. **NOTE 5 INVESTMENT IN REAL ESTATE** **Real Estate Castel** In January 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire a parcel of land in Mevaseret Zion, Israel for a total purchase price of NIS 5,800 ($1,586). The transaction was structured as installment payments, and as of December 31, 2025, the Company had paid the full purchase price and presented the asset within real estate investment. The Company intends to pursue value-enhancing activities in connection with the land, with the goal of increasing its potential return uponfuturesale. The total paid amount is included under Investment in real estate. F-25 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.** NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 6 EQUITY METHOD INVESTEE** **** On October 8, 2024, the Company and certain other investors (Additional Holders of Note B) entered into a refinance agreement with Scilex. As part of the refinancing, the Company and the Additional Holders of Note B were granted rights to receive royalties from certain Scilex products. In connection with these rights, on January 2, 2025, the Additional Holders of Note B established RoyaltyVest Ltd. (RoyaltyVest), a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. On February 12, 2025, the Additional Holders of Note B transferred to the Company 50% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of RoyaltyVest. As of December 31, 2025, the Company hold a 50% equity interest in RoyaltyVest. The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method. There are no unrecognized losses, guarantees, or commitments related to RoyaltyVest. In addition, no impairment losses were recorded during the reporting periods. In addition to its original investment in RoyaltyVest, the Company is using RoyaltyVest as a potential investment vehicle for additional transactions conducted in collaboration with the other shareholders of RoyaltyVest. As such, On March 4, 2025, the Company entered into a loan agreement with RoyaltyVest pursuant to which the Company made a loan to RoyaltyVest in the amount of $7,000 to purchase shares of BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: BTAI) (BioXcel). The loan is non-interest bearing and is non-recourse to the BioXcel shares. Repayment of the outstanding principal and yield shall be made from the proceeds of sales of BioXcel shares and warrants. The Company elected to measure the loan under the fair value option, and as such it is presented at fair value. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company received $6,251 of the principal amount from RoyaltyVest from the sales of BioXcel. The transactions below were carried out by RoyaltyVest: | a. | ZTLido License Agreement | | As part of the ROW License Term Sheet signed with Scilex under the Tranche B Note, on February 22, 2025, RoyaltyVest, entered into an additional License Agreement with Scilex (ZTLido License Agreement). Under the ZTLido License Agreement, RoyaltyVest acquired exclusive rights to develop, manufacture, and commercialize lidocaine-based products, including ZTLido (lidocaine topical system 1.8%) and SP-103, outside the United States. As part of the arrangement, RoyaltyVest and Scilex will each receive 50% of the net profits from the commercialization of these products. In consideration for the rights to be provided under the proposed ZTLido License Agreement, as more fully described in the ZTLido License Agreement, (a) RoyaltyVest will invest (whether through cash consideration or in-kind payment through the provision of services) $200 per year toward expanding the Product, (b) Scilex will grant RoyaltyVest a worldwide, exclusive right, license and interest to all products rights for the development, out-licensing, commercialization of any Product outside of the United States and other territories, other than certain excluded designated territories ( ROW Territory), and (c) each of RoyaltyVest and Scilex will receive 50% percent of the net revenue (less expenses) generated from any product in the ROW Territory. | b. | Ex-U.S. product rights to Gloperba | | On February 28, 2025, RoyaltyVest entered into a worldwide (excluding the U.S.) license agreement for Gloperba products, as defined under the License and Commercialization Agreement between RxOmeg Therapeutics LLC and Scilex, dated June 14, 2022, as amended on January 16, 2025 (the Gloperba License Agreement). Under the Gloperba License Agreement, RoyaltyVest was granted an exclusive (including as to Scilex Pharma) license to all product-related rights worldwide to develop, manufacture, obtain regulatory approvals for, commercialize, and otherwise exploit the Gloperba products in the licensed territory. RoyaltyVest and Scilex will each be entitled to receive 50% of the net revenue generated from the commercialization of the Gloperba products. F-26 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 6 EQUITY METHOD INVESTEE**(continued): | c. | BioXcel | | On March 4, 2025, RoyaltyVest participated in a registered direct offering by BioXcel, acquiring 188,383 shares of BioXcels common stock, 3,811,617 pre-funded warrants and accompanying warrants to purchase up to an additional 4,000,000 shares for a total consideration of $14,000. The warrants have an exercise price of $4.20 per share, are immediately exercisable, and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The pre-funded warrants have an exercise price of $0.001 per share, and are immediately exercisable with no expiration date. As of December 31, 2025, RoyaltyVest sold 4,000,000 shares and 2,600,000 warrants for $12,502. As of December 31, 2025, RoyaltyVest continues to hold 1,400,000 warrants and no longer holds any shares of BioXcel common stock. **NOTE 7 - LOAN AGREEMENT MEASURED IN FAIR VALUE** **** On March 24, 2025, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Hapisga Project New Talpiot Ltd. to finance a purchase of a real estate asset in Jerusalem, Israel in the amount of up to $22,650 (Hapisga). The Company lent the amount with a one-year maturity, and a lien was registered on the property reflecting a commitment to register a first-ranking mortgage on a property, which is valued at approximately $890,000, providing significant collateral coverage. The loan bears an annual interest rate of 12%. In addition, in March 2025, the Company entered into an additional loan agreement with Tova Chochma Im Nachala Ltd. (Tova Chochma) in the amount of $5,000. The loan bears an annual interest rate of 12%. The original maturity of the loan was set to be 14 days which was further extended, in April 2025, to up to 12 months. Tova Chochma can repay the loan at any time, with interest accruing until the date of actual repayment (but in no event, less than 6 months). This loan is also secured by the registration of the lien for Hapisga. In April 2025, the Company loaned $26,921 in connection with the loans to Hapisga and to Tova Chochma. In May 2025, Tova Chochma repaid an amount of $500 to the Company, which will be offset against final repayment of the loan. The deposit amount does not accrue interest and therefore, the Company will be eligible for the entire interest on Tova Chochmas portion of the loans principal. The Company decided to designate the loan agreement as a whole under the fair-value option in accordance with ASC Topic 825 Financial Instruments. The valuation of the loan agreement was calculated in accordance with the weighted average expected cashflows of the loan. The predicted weighted average cash flows of the loan were discounted at a rate of 9.31%-24.43%. The value of the loan as of December 31, 2025 was $27,943. The changes in the fair value of the loan are recorded in the financial income (loss), net. The table below represents the fair value breakdown as of December 31, 2025: | | | Hapisga | | | Tova Chochma | | | Total | | | | Loan | | $ | 21,921 | | | $ | 5,000 | | | $ | 26,921 | | | | Loan repayment | | $ | | | | $ | (500 | ) | | $ | (500 | ) | | | Fair value measurement | | | 1,263 | | | $ | 259 | | | $ | 1,522 | | | | Fair value as of December 31, 2025 | | $ | 23,184 | | | $ | 4,759 | | | $ | 27,943 | | | F-27 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 8 - INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE AT FAIR VALUE:** On April 24, 2025, the Subsidiary entered into a share purchase agreement with Alpha Tau (Alpha Tau SPA), pursuant to which the Subsidiary purchased 14,110,121 (16.65%) ordinary shares, no par value per share, of Alpha Tau in a registered direct offering at a price of $2.612 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $36,900. The closing of the transaction occurred on April 28, 2025. In connection with the investment, the Subsidiary has the right to nominate two out of eight directors to Alpha Taus board of directors, subject to certain conditions. In addition, since the Alpha Tau SPA date and until December 31, 2025, the Company purchased an additional 359,214 shares of Alpha Tau for an aggregate amount of $1,256. Concurrently, the Subsidiary and Alpha Tau entered into the Services Agreement, pursuant to which the Subsidiary will provide Alpha Tau with investor relations and public relations services. As consideration, Alpha Tau agreed to pay the Subsidiary a fee of $3,000 over three years and to issue to the Subsidiary fully vested warrants to purchase up to 3,237,000 ordinary shares of Alpha Tau, at exercise prices ranging from $3.474 to $3.90 per share (Alpha Tau Warrants), which are immediately exercisable. The term of the Service Agreement is three years, with limited termination rights. Amounts recognized under this arrangement are presented under other income, net in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Due to the Companys significant influence over operating and financial policies, Alpha Tau is considered a related party of the Company. The following presents summarized financial information related to Alpha Tau as of December 31, 2025. Alpha Tau is a publicly traded company listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and its financial information is based on publicly available filings. | | | December31, 2025 | | | | Cash | | $ | 12,202 | | | | Short-term deposits | | | 60,924 | | | | Other current assets | | | 5,172 | | | | Non-current assets | | | 27,354 | | | | Total assets | | | 105,652 | | | | Current liabilities | | | 10,507 | | | | Non-current liabilities | | | 18,046 | | | | Shareholders equity | | | 77,099 | | | | Total liabilities and stockholders deficit | | | 105,652 | | | | | | April24,2025- December 31, 2025 | | | | Net loss | | $ | 29,313 | | | The amount presented above reflects Alpha Taus total net loss for the period and is calculated on a straight-line basis, as there were no significant transactions during the period. F-28 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 8 - INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATE AT FAIR VALUE**(continued): On April 24, 2025 and December 31, 2025, the fair value of the Companys investment in Alpha Tau was $36,885 and $71,623, respectively. The Company recognized an unrealized gain on its investment in Alpha Tau of $36,997 in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2025. The fair value of Alpha Taus ordinary shares held by the Company was determined using the closing price of Alpha Taus ordinary shares on April 24, 2025 and December 31, 2025 of $2.612 and $4.95, respectively. On April 24, 2025 and December 31, 2025, the Company held approximately 17% of Alpha Taus ordinary shares voting interest. The warrants issued under the Services Agreement are accounted for as a separate transaction from the Alpha Tau SPA. The fair value of the warrants is calculated based on Black-Scholes model. Presented below is the summary of the assumptions and estimates that were used for the valuation of the Alpha Tau warrants as of June 23, 2025, the issuance date, and December 31, 2025: | | | As of | | | | Parameters and Assumptions | | June 23, 2025 | | | December31, 2025 | | | | Share Price | | $ | 2.985 | | | $ | 4.95 | | | | Exercise Price | | | $ 3.47-3.9 | | | | $ 3.47-3.9 | | | | Expected Term | | | 2.35 | | | | 1.81 | | | | Volatility | | | 55.61 | % | | | 49.04 | % | | | Risk Free Rate | | | 3.89 | % | | | 3.47 | % | | | Dividend Rate | | | 0 | % | | | 0 | % | | As of June 23, 2025, the issuance date, the fair value of the Alpha Tau warrants was $2,727. As of December 31, 2025, the fair value of the Alpha Tau warrants was $6,242. The change in fair value is recognized under financial income (loss), net. **NOTE 9 CONVERTIBLE SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE** **** On November 14, 2025, in anticipation of the transactions contemplated by the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement and the Lifeward Notes Purchase Agreement described below, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Lifeward Ltd.(Lifeward) pursuant to which the Company provided Lifeward with a $3,000 secured promissory note bearing interest at 15% per annum and maturing on May 14, 2026, unless earlier repaid or converted in accordance with its terms. The note is secured by a lien on Lifewards cash and accounts receivable. The principal and accrued interest under the note are convertible into Lifeward ordinary shares at a conversion price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026, which adjusted the original conversion price of $0.45 per share. The Company elected the fair value option in accordance with ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments, for the Secured Promissory Note. As a result, the Secured Promissory Note is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the comprehensive income statement. F-29 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 9 CONVERTIBLE SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE**(continued): The valuation of the Secured Promissory Note was performed based on the binomial model, using a discount rate of 32%. Presented below is the summary of the assumptions and estimates that were used for the valuation as of December 31, 2025: | Parameters and Assumptions | | | | | | Share Price | | $ | 0.58 | | | | Conversion Rate | | | 0.45 | | | | Maturity Date | | | May 14, 2026 | | | | Volatility | | | 113.38 | % | | | Risk Free Rate | | | 3.30 | % | | | Yield | | | 27.76 | % | | As of December 31, 2025, the fair value of the Secured Promissory Note was $4,637. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized a gain of $1,637 related to changes in the fair value of the Secured Promissory Note, which is included in financial income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). For further details, see note 21. **NOTE 10 - OTHER NON-MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES:** **** | a. | On August 26, 2022, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Diasome Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Diasome), a privately-held company, pursuant to which the Company purchased shares of Series B preferred stock of Diasome for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2,700. Following the purchase, the Company holds less than 5% of the issued and outstanding stock of Diasome. The stock purchase agreement provides the Company with the option to purchase additional preferred shares of stock on a pro rata basis at similar terms to the terms and conditions of the current round contingent upon Diasome achieving certain milestones. | | The Companys non-marketable equity securities are an investment in a company without a readily determinable fair value. The Company accounts for this investment under the measurement alternative in ASC 321, whereby the equity investment is recorded at cost, less impairment. The carrying amount is subsequently remeasured to its fair value in accordance with the provisions of ASC 820 when observable price changes occur as of the date the transaction occurred, or it is impaired. Any adjustments to the carrying amount are recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was no change in the value of the Diasome investment. **NOTE 11 - ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES:** | b. | On December 25, 2025, the Company entered into a Simple Agreement for Future Equity (SAFE) with NINA Medical Ltd. (Nina), a privately-held company, pursuant to which the Company provided funding of $100 to Nina. Under the terms of the SAFE, the investor will be entitled to receive preferred shares of Nina in a future equity financing round or upon certain triggering events. The SAFE does not bear interest and has no maturity date. | | **** **Composition:** | | | December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | Accounts payable | | $ | 443 | | | $ | 789 | | | | Payroll and related accruals | | | 755 | | | | 407 | | | | Income tax | | | 3,286 | | | | 3,204 | | | | Accrued liabilities Legal Fee | | | 1,084 | | | | 402 | | | | Accrued liabilities Other | | | 633 | | | | 338 | | | | | | $ | 6,201 | | | $ | 5,140 | | | **** F-30 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 12 - SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS:** **** On August 8, 2023, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $99,550 pursuant to loan agreements from Israel Discount Bank Ltd. (the Short-Term Borrowings).The Short-Term Borrowings had maturity dates ranging from August 11, 2023 to May 24, 2024, bore interest ranging from 6.66% to 7.38%, and were secured by certificates of deposits issued by Israel Discount Bank Ltd. having an aggregate face amount of $99,550.The net proceeds of the Short-Term Borrowings were used to fund the Tranche A Note (for further details, see note 4). The Short-Term Borrowings were paid in one payment of principal and interest at each respective maturity. As of December 31, 2024, the Company repaid the entire Short-Term Borrowings amount . **NOTE 13 - COMMITMENTS:** **** | | a. | Medicox On November 13, 2022, the Company entered the Medicox License Agreement with Medicox (the Medicox License Agreement). The Medicox License Agreement grants Medicox an exclusive license to apply for regulatory approval and distribute ORMD-0801 in the Republic of Korea. The Medicox License Agreement is for ten years, but the parties have the right to terminate it with a 180 days notice. Medicox will comply with agreed distribution targets, purchase ORMD-0801 at an agreed transfer price per capsule and will be responsible for obtaining a regulatory approval in the Republic of Korea. The Medicox License Agreement contains a fixed consideration of $2,000, which was received by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2022 and is presented under long-term deferred revenues, as well as variable consideration consisting of development milestone payments of up to $15,000 and sales-based royalties of up to 15% on gross sales. Under ASC 606 ,Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company identified Medicox as a customer and the Medicox License Agreement as a contract with a customer. The Companys obligation to stand-ready and support Medicox will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the period the Company expects to provide support to Medicox. As of December 31, 2025, this support has not commenced, and no revenue was recognized from the Medicox License Agreement. If Medicox proceeds with the regulatory approval process in the Republic of Korea, the Company expects most of the revenue to be recognized at a later stage, going forward. If Medicox chooses to terminate the agreement, the Company will accelerate revenue recognition and recognize it at such time. | | | | b. | Grants from the Israel Innovation Authority (IIA) | | Under the terms of the Companys funding from the IIA, royalties of 3% are payable on sales of products developed from a project so funded, up to a maximum amount equaling 100%-150% of the grants received (dollar linked) with the addition of interest at an annual rate based on SOFR. All grants were received before the year ended August 31, 2020 and recorded as a reduction of research and development expenses at that time. At the time the grants were received, successful development of the related projects was not assured. The total amount that was received through December 31, 2025 was $2,213 ($2,570 including interest). On February 18, 2025, the Company received approval from the IIA to transfer all of its IIA-funded technology to OraTech in accordance with the terms of the JV Agreement. This approval was granted upon the condition that the Company pays the aggregate IIA grant amount, plus accrued interest, less all royalties paid to date. On February 27, 2025, the Company fulfilled its payment obligation by remitting $2,046 to the IIA, and as result the Company has no further obligations to the IIA. The amount of $1,987 was recognized in cost of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2025. The amount of $59 was recognized in previous periods. F-31 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 13 - COMMITMENTS**(continued): | | c. | Leases | | On August 2, 2020, the Subsidiary entered into a lease agreement for its facilities in Israel. The lease agreement is for a period of 60 months commencing September 1, 2020. As security for its obligation under this lease agreement, the Company provided a bank guarantee in an amount equal to three monthly lease payments. For accounting purposes, the initial lease period was 60 months. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company exercised the extension option for a portion of its office space, extending the lease term until August 31, 2030. In connection with the extension of the lease agreement, the Company remeasured the right-of-use (ROU) asset and corresponding lease liability in accordance with ASC 842. The updated balances reflect the revised lease term and related payment obligations through August 31, 2030. On December 2, 2021, the Subsidiary entered into an addendum (the Addendum) to the current lease agreement for its facilities in Israel. The Addendum refers to the lease of an additional space of 264 square meters for a period of 60 months commencing February 1, 2022. The Subsidiary has the option to extend the period for another 60 months. For accounting purposes, the lease commenced on February 1, 2022 as the Subsidiary did not have access to the space until that date. For accounting purposes, the lease period is 60 months. The total expenses related to leases were $238 for the year ended December 31, 2025, and $265 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company has various operating leases for office space and vehicles that expire through 2028. Below is a summary of the Companys operating right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024: | | | December31, 2025 | | | December31, 2024 | | | | Operating right-of-use assets | | $ | 750 | | | $ | 414 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Operating lease liabilities, current | | | 285 | | | | 216 | | | | Operating lease liabilities long-term | | | 540 | | | | 156 | | | | Total operating lease liabilities | | $ | 825 | | | $ | 372 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted Average of Remaining Lease Term | | | | | | | | | | | Operating leases | | | 3.76 | | | | 1.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted Average Discount Rate | | | | | | | | | | | Operating leases | | | 6.3 | % | | | 3.52 | % | | Operating cash flows for operating lease for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $292 and $264, respectively. F-32 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 13 - COMMITMENTS**(continued): | | c. | Leases (continued): | | Lease payments for the Companys right-of-use assets over the remaining lease periods as of December 31, 2025 are as follows: | | | December31, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | 2026 | | $ | 332 | | | | 2027 | | | 192 | | | | 2028 | | | 163 | | | | 2029 | | | 157 | | | | 2030 | | | 104 | | | | Total undiscounted lease payments | | | 948 | | | | Less: Interest* | | | (123 | ) | | | Present value of lease liabilities | | $ | 825 | | | | * | Future lease payments were discounted by 3%-7% interest rate. | | | | d. | Clinical Research Organization Services Agreement | | On September 23, 2024, the Subsidiary entered into a Clinical Research Organization Services Agreement with a third party, to retain it as a clinical research organization (CRO). The services covered by the agreement include strategic planning, expert consultation, data processing, regulatory, clerical, project management and other research and development services requested by the Company for the Phase 3 clinical trial. As consideration for its services, the Company will pay the CRO a total amount of $11,577 during the term of the engagement and based on achievement of certain milestones, of which $1,406 recognized in research and development expenses through December 31, 2025. The Company modified its clinical trial protocol and overall trial approach. The proposed new protocol is significantly smaller in scope and will enroll fewer participants than the original trial design. As a result of these changes, the Company is currently reexamining the terms and scope of the CRO Services Agreement to align with the revised trial design. See additional information in note 21. | | e. | Ruby Sapphire II Investment | | On December 29, 2025, the Company entered into agreement and committed to invest NIS 7,000 ($2,185) as a limited partner in Ruby Capital Investment Fund Sapphire II, Limited Partnership (Ruby Sapphire II), an Israeli private investment fund. The Company commitment may be drawn down over time in accordance with the funds partnership agreement, and the investment is subject to the risks inherent in private investment funds, including illiquidity and the potential loss of invested capital. See additional information in the subsequent events note. F-33 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 14 - STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY:** The following are the significant capital stock transactions that took place during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: | | a. | On March 18, 2024, the Company entered into an at the market offering (the StockBlock ATM Agreement) with Rodman & Renshaw LLC and StockBlock Securities LLC, as agent, pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75,000, through a sales agent, subject to certain terms and conditions. Any shares sold will be sold pursuant to the Companys effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 including a prospectus dated March 18, 2024 and prospectus supplement dated September 1, 2021. The Company will pay the sales agent a cash commission of 3.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of any shares sold through the sales agent under the StockBlock ATM Agreement. As of December 31, 2025 no shares had been issued under the StockBlock ATM Agreement. | | | | b. | As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had outstanding warrants exercisable for 20,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.13 per share, which become exercisable on February 25, 2020 and expire on April 15, 2029. There was no warrant activity during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. | | | | c. | Buyback program | | ** In June 2024, the Companys board of directors authorized a stock buyback program pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, repurchase and retire up to $20,000 in maximum value of its common stock. Share repurchases may be executed through various means, including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The stock buyback program does not obligate the Company to purchase any shares and expires in June 2025. The authorization for the stock buyback program may be terminated, increased or decreased by the Companys board of directors in its discretion at any time. On May 21, 2025, the Companys board of directors authorized a one-year extension of the Companys current stock buyback program, which was set to expire in June 2026, pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, purchase up to $20,000 in maximum value of its common stock. During 2025 and 2024, the Company repurchased and retired shares of its common stock under this program. During 2025 the Company repurchased 899,609 shares for $2,155, including $6 of excise tax, at an average price of $2.39 per share and during 2024, the Company repurchased 1,036,976 shares for $2,494, including $10 of excise tax, at an average price of $2.4 per share. All repurchases were funded with cash on hand. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has repurchased 1,936,585 shares of its common stock under this program in the total amount of $4,649. On October 20, 2025, the Company entered into a share repurchase agreement with HTIT, pursuant to which the Company repurchased and retired 1,155,367 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $2.23 per share, for an aggregate price of $2,584, including $8 of excise tax. The repurchased shares were cancelled and retired upon closing. F-34 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 14 - STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY** (continued): | | d. | Dividends to Shareholders | | On December 31, 2025, the Companys Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock, payable to holders of record as of the close of business on January 16, 2026. The dividend was paid on January 26, 2026. In accordance with the terms of the Companys outstanding warrant agreements, holders of 20,000 warrants as of the record date were also entitled to receive a cash payment of $0.25 per underlying warrant share. Holders of RSUs granted prior to the record date, including unvested RSUs, were entitled to receive a dividend equivalent of $0.25 per RSU unit, payable upon vesting of the underlying awards, as described below. The aggregate dividend and dividend equivalent amount, including amounts attributable to outstanding warrants and unvested RSUs, totaled $10,870. The dividend was unpaid as of December 31, 2025 and is recorded in dividends payable in the consolidated balance sheets. Dividend equivalents declared on unvested RSUs are subject to the same vesting conditions as the underlying awards and are forfeited if the awards do not vest. Such dividend equivalents are deferred and will be paid to RSU holders upon vesting of the underlying award. In accordance with ASC 718, forfeitable dividend equivalents on equity-classified awards are recognized as a charge to retained earnings at the date of declaration, with a corresponding liability recorded in dividends payable. | | e. | Waiver of loan granted to subsidiary Oravax | | As of December 31, 2025, Oravax ceased its operations. As a result, the Company waved the loan owed by Oravax to the Company (waver of the loan). In connection with the waiver of the loan owed by Oravax to the Company, which effectively constituted a benefit to the non-controlling interest, the Company recognized the impact as an adjustment to non-controlling interest balance, with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. **NOTE 15 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION:** The Company makes awards only under the 2019 Plan, under which, the Company had reserved a pool of 7,500,000 shares of the Companys common stock which may be issued at the discretion of the board of directors from time to time. Under this 2019 Plan, each option or RSU is exercisable into one share of common stock of the Company. The options may be exercised after vesting and in accordance with vesting schedules which will be determined by the board of directors for each grant. The maximum term of the options and RSUs is 10 years. The following are the significant stock options, RSUs transactions with employees and board members made during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: | | a. | On January 4, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 941,500 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to executive officers of the Company. The RSUs will vest in twelve equal quarterly installments starting January 8, 2024. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $2,250 using the quoted closing market share price of $2.39 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | b. | On January 4, 2024, the Company granted 294,000 performance based RSUs (PSUs) representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to executive officers of the Company. The total amount of the PSUs shall vest upon the satisfaction of certain market conditions. The total fair value of these PSUs on the date of grant was $691, using the Monte-Carlo model, based on the quoted closing market share price of $2.39 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | F-35 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 15 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION**(continued): | | c. | On January 4, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 187,610 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to board members of the Company. 37,610 RSUs will vest in three equal quarterly installments starting April 1, 2024. 150,000 RSUs will vest in three equal annual installments starting January 1, 2025. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $448, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.39 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | d. | On January 30, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 3,750 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to board member of the Company. The RSUs will vest in four equal quarterly installments starting April 1, 2024. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $11, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.98 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | e. | On April 17, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 29,800 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to board member of the Company. 7,300 RSUs will vest in three equal quarterly installments starting July 1, 2024. 22,500 RSUs will vest in three equal annual installments starting January 1, 2025. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $69, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.33 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | f. | On June 20, 2024, the Company granted 34,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to the Companys Chief Financial Officer. The total amount of the PSUs shall vest upon the later of (i) June 18, 2026 and (ii) satisfaction of certain market conditions. The total fair value of these PSUs on the date of grant was $73, using the Monte-Carlo model, based on the quoted closing market share price of $2.21 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | g. | On June 21, 2024, 140,040 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock were granted to executive officer. 93,360 shall vest in one installment on June, 18 2026 and 46,680 shall vest in four equal quarterly installments starting September 9, 2026. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $305, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.18 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | h. | On November 11, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 135,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to executive officers of the Company. The RSUs vested on the date of grant. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $321, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.38 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | i. | On January 2, 2025, the Company granted 1,023,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to the Companys executive officers. The total amount of the RSUs shall vest in equal quarterly installments of approximately 85,249 over a three year period starting with the first quarterly vesting on January 1, 2025. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $2,465 based on the quoted closing market share price of $2.41 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | j. | On January 2, 2025, the Company granted 328,500 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to the Companys executive officers. The total amount of the PSUs shall vest upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions. The total fair value of these PSUs on the date of grant was $792 based on the quoted closing market share price of $2.41 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | F-36 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 15 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION**(continued): | | k. | On January 2, 2025, the Board modified 294,000 outstanding PSUs that were granted to the Companys executive officers adjusting the vesting criteria from market condition to performance targets. The incremental fair value arising from the modification was $13. As of December 31, 2025, the PSUs granted to the Companys executive officers were deemed to have achieved the first updated performance target. As a result, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $197 for the year ended December 31, 2025, equal to the unrecognized grant-date fair value of the original award plus the incremental fair value arising from the modification. | | | | l. | On June 5, 2025, the Company granted an aggregate of 150,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to the Companys board members. The RSUs granted to the board members vest in three equal annual installments on each of January 1, 2026, 2027 and 2028. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $323, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.15 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | m. | On June 5, 2025, the Company granted an aggregate of 34,876 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to the Companys board members. The RSUs granted to certain board members vest in four monthly installments on each of June 5, 2025, July 1, 2025, October 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $75, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.15 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | n. | On December 31, 2025, the Company granted an aggregate of 20,900 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to the Companys board members. The RSUs granted to the board members vest in four equal quarterly installments starting April 1, 2026. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $60, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.85 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | o. | On December 31, 2025, the Company granted an aggregate of 120,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to the Companys board members. The RSUs granted to certain board members vest in three equal annual installments on each of January 1, 2027, 2028 and 2029. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $342, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.85 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | p. | On December 31, 2025, the Company granted an aggregate of 616,000 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to executive officers of the Company. The RSUs will vest in eleven equal quarterly installments starting April 1, 2026. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $1,756 using the quoted closing market share price of $2.85 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | | q. | On December 31, 2025, the Company granted an aggregate of 588,514 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to executive officers of the Company. The RSUs vested on January 1, 2026. The total fair value of these RSUs on the date of grant was $1,677, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.85 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | | r. | On December 31, 2025, the Company granted 166,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to executive officers of the Company. The PSUs vest upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions. The total fair value of these PSUs on the date of grant was $472, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.85 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. | | F-37 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 15 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION**(continued): | | s. | On December 31, 2025, the Company granted 166,000 PSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to executive officers of the Company. The PSUs vest upon the satisfaction of certain performance conditions or certain market conditions. The total fair value of these PSUs on the date of grant was $473, using the quoted closing market share price of $2.85 on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the date of grant. See additional information in note 21(c). | | | t. | Options to employees, directors and non-employees | | A summary of the status of the stock options granted to employees and directors as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 and changes during the years ended on those dates, is presented below: | | | Year ended December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | | | Number of options | | | Weighted average exercise price | | | Number of options | | | Weighted average exercise price | | | | | | | | | $ | | | | | | $ | | | | Options outstanding at beginning of year | | | 1,661,008 | | | | 7.21 | | | | 1,909,676 | | | | 8.03 | | | | Changes during the year: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Granted | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | Forfeited | | | (625 | ) | | | 13.89 | | | | (49,125 | ) | | | 13.92 | | | | Expired | | | - | | | | - | | | | (199,543 | ) | | | 13.40 | | | | Exercised | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | Options outstanding at end of year | | | 1,660,383 | | | | 7.21 | | | | 1,661,008 | | | | 7.21 | | | | Options exercisable at end of year | | | 1,501,633 | | | | 7.18 | | | | 1,442,258 | | | | 6.91 | | | Expenses recognized in respect of stock options granted to employees and directors, for the years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, were $89 and $213, respectively. | u. | Options to employees, directors and non-employees | | The following table presents summary information concerning the options granted to employees and directors outstanding as of December 31, 2025: | Exercise prices $ | | Number outstanding | | | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life Years | | | Weighted average exercise price $ | | | | 1-6 | | | 840,500 | | | | 3.83 | | | | 3.94 | | | | 6.23-9.12 | | | 283,008 | | | | 1.80 | | | | 7.96 | | | | 10.40-20.19 | | | 536,875 | | | | 5.50 | | | | 11.94 | | | | | | | 1,660,383 | | | | 4.02 | | | | 7.21 | | | **** F-38 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 15 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION**(continued): | u. | Options to employees, directors and non-employees (continued): | | As of December 31, 2025, there were no unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested options previously granted to employees and directors. 47,000 options granted to non-employees were outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company recorded no stock-based compensation related to non-employees awards during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, no options were exercised. As of December 31, 2025, there were no unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested options previously granted to non-employees. | | v. | Options to employees, directors and non-employees | | The following table presents summary information concerning the options granted to non-employees outstanding as of December 31, 2025: | Range of exercise prices $ | | Number outstanding | | | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life Years | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price $ | | | | 3.74-5.08 | | | 47,000 | | | | 3.98 | | | | 4.31 | | | | | w. | Restricted stock units | | The following table summarizes the activities for unvested RSUs and PSUs granted to employees and directors for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: | | | Year ended December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | | | Number of RSUs | | | | Outstanding at the beginning of year | | | 2,572,065 | | | | 1,834,362 | | | | Changes during the year: | | | | | | | | | | | Granted | | | 3,228,791 | | | | 1,792,460 | | | | Issued | | | (1,410,437 | ) | | | (617,542 | ) | | | Forfeited | | | (6,925 | ) | | | (386,445 | ) | | | Expired | | | - | | | | (50,770 | ) | | | Outstanding at the end of the year | | | 4,383,494 | | | | 2,572,065 | | | | Vested during the year | | | 1,880,104 | | | | 925,937 | | | | Vested and unissued at year end | | | 952,928 | | | | 483,261 | | | The Company recorded compensation expenses related to RSUs and PSUs of $5,063 for the year ended December 31, 2025 and $3,787 for the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025, there were unrecognized compensation costs of $5,041 related to RSUs and PSUs. The unrecognized compensation costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.72 year. The Company recorded total compensation expenses of $5,152 and $4,053 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. $1,893 and $1,998 were included in Research and Development expenses, $3,259 and $2,055 were included in General and Administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. F-39 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 16 INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK:** The following table summarizes the calculation of basic and diluted income per common stock (in thousands, except for share and per share amounts): | | | Year ended December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | Basic income (loss) per common stock (numerator): | | | | | | | | | Net income (loss) applicable to common stock | | | 64,050 | | | | (19,060 | ) | | | Adjustment for dividends attributable to unvested RSUs | | | (808 | ) | | | - | | | | Net income (loss) applicable to common stock basic | | | 63,242 | | | | (19,060 | ) | | | common stock (denominator): | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted average number of common stock basic | | | 41,402,997 | | | | 40,850,446 | | | | Basic income (loss) per common stock | | | 1.53 | | | | (0.48 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Diluted income (loss) per common stock (numerator): | | | | | | | | | | | Net income (loss) applicable to common stock basic | | | 63,242 | | | | (19,060 | ) | | | Adjustment for dividends attributable to unvested RSUs | | | 359 | | | | - | | | | Net income (loss) applicable to common stock diluted | | | 63,601 | | | | (19,060 | ) | | | common stock (denominator): | | | | | | | | | | | Weighted average number of common stock basic | | | 41,402,997 | | | | 40,850,446 | | | | Diluted effect of RSUs | | | 1,015,647 | | | | - | | | | Weighted average number of common stock diluted | | | 42,418,644 | | | | 40,850,446 | | | | Diluted income (loss) per common stock | | | 1.50 | | | | (0.48 | ) | | For the year ended December 31, 2025, options to purchase common stock, RSUs and warrants totaling 1,847,946 were excluded from the calculation of diluted income per common stock, as their effect was antidilutive. As the Company had a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024, all potentially dilutive common stock, including options, warrants and RSUs totaling 3,549,490, were considered antidilutive and therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted income per common stock for the period. **NOTE 17 - FINANCIAL INCOME (LOSS), NET:** | | | Year ended December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | Revaluation of investments, net: | | | | | | | | | Revaluation of Scilex, net (see note 4) | | | 44,647 | | | | (4,359 | ) | | | Revaluation of Hapisga, net (see note 7) | | | 1,522 | | | | - | | | | Revaluation of Alpha Tau, net (see note 8) | | | 36,997 | | | | - | | | | Revaluation of RoyaltyVest loan, net (see note 4) | | | (447 | ) | | | - | | | | Revaluation of Profit Sharing Loan Agreement (see note 4) | | | 372 | | | | 57 | | | | Revaluation of Convertible Note (see note 9) | | | 1,636 | | | | - | | | | Revaluation of other marketable securities (see note 4) | | | 3,212 | | | | (3,114 | ) | | | | | | 87,939 | | | | (7,416 | ) | | | Interest Income | | | 2,373 | | | | 4,983 | | | | Exchange rate | | | (252 | ) | | | 174 | | | | Other | | | (606 | ) | | | (27 | ) | | | | | $ | 89,454 | | | $ | (2,286 | ) | | F-40 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 18 - TAXES ON INCOME:** Taxes on income included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) represent current taxes due to taxable income of the Company. | | a. | Corporate taxation in the U.S. | | The applicable corporate tax rate for the Company is 21%. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has utilized all of its outstanding net operating loss (NOL). Oravax had an accumulated tax loss carryforward of approximately $3,395 (as of December 31, 2024, $3,386). Under U.S. tax laws, subject to certain limitations, carryforward tax losses originating in tax years beginning after January 1, 2018, have no expiration date, but they are limited to 80% of the companys taxable income in any given tax year. Carryforward tax losses originating in tax years beginning prior to January 1, 2018, expire 20 years after the year in which incurred. | | b. | Corporate taxation in Israel | | The Subsidiary is taxed in accordance with Israeli tax laws. The corporate tax rate applicable to 2025 and 2024 is 23%. As of December 31, 2025, the Subsidiary and Oravax Medical Ltd. had an accumulated tax loss carryforward of approximately $115,623 (as of December 31, 2024, approximately $113,419). Under the Israeli tax laws, carryforward tax losses have no expiration date. | | c. | Cash paid for income taxes Cash paid for U.S. federal income taxes was $3,318 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. | | | | d. | Deferred income taxes | | | | | December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | In respect of: | | | | | | | | | Net operating loss carryforward | | $ | 27,306 | | | $ | 26,797 | | | | Research and development expenses | | | 1,005 | | | | 1,220 | | | | Revaluation of investments | | | (7,973 | ) | | | 5,608 | | | | Other temporary differences | | | 134 | | | | 2,495 | | | | Less - valuation allowance | | | (28,383 | ) | | | (36,120 | ) | | | Net deferred tax liability | | $ | (7,911 | ) | | $ | - | | | Deferred taxes are determined based on temporary differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of certain entities, as management has determined that it is not more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will be realized. F-41 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 18 - TAXES ON INCOME**(continued): | | e. | Income (Loss) before taxes on income and income taxes included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | Year ended December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | Income (loss) before taxes on income: | | | | | | | | | U.S. | | $ | 46,424 | | | $ | (8,853 | ) | | | Outside U.S. | | | 28,900 | | | | (7,067 | ) | | | | | $ | 75,324 | | | $ | (15,920 | ) | | | Taxes on income (tax benefit): | | | | | | | | | | | Current: | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. | | | 3,573 | | | | 3,183 | | | | Outside U.S. | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | $ | 3,573 | | | $ | 3,183 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Deferred Taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. | | $ | (184 | ) | | $ | - | | | | Outside U.S. | | | 8,095 | | | | - | | | | | | $ | 7,911 | | | $ | - | | | | Prior Year Taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. | | | (176 | ) | | | - | | | | Outside U.S. | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | $ | (176 | ) | | $ | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total Taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. | | $ | 3,213 | | | $ | 3,183 | | | | Outside U.S. | | | 8,095 | | | | - | | | | | | $ | 11,308 | | | $ | 3,183 | | | F-42 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 18 - TAXES ON INCOME**(continued): | | f. | Reconciliation of the statutory tax benefit to effective tax expense | | Following is a reconciliation of the theoretical tax expense, assuming all income is taxed at the regular tax rates applicable to companies in the United States, and the actual tax expense. The amounts for 2024 are presented prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09, while the amounts for 2025 are presented after its adoption. | | | 2024 | | | | Income (loss) before taxes expenses | | $ | (15,920 | ) | | | | | | | | | | Statutory tax (benefit) expense 21% | | | (3,343 | ) | | | Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from: | | | | | | | Change in valuation allowance | | | 7,647 | | | | Disallowable deductions | | | (878 | ) | | | Influence of different tax rate applicable to the Subsidiary and Oravax Medical Ltd. | | | (219 | ) | | | Prior year adjustments | | | (13 | ) | | | Uncertain tax position | | | (11 | ) | | | Taxes on income for the reported year | | $ | 3,183 | | | | Year ended December 31, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | | U.S. federal statutory tax rate | | $ | 15,818 | | | | 21 | | | | Foreign tax effects | | | | | | | | | | | Israel | | | | | | | | | | | Share-based payment awards | | | 2,573 | | | | 3.4 | | | | Changes In Valuation allowance | | | (1,137 | ) | | | (1.5 | ) | | | Statutory tax rate difference between Israel and United States | | | 579 | | | | 0.8 | | | | Other | | | 13 | | | | 0.0 | | | | Effect of cross-border tax laws | | | 114 | | | | 0.2 | | | | Change in the valuation allowance | | | (6,600 | ) | | | (8.8 | ) | | | Nontaxable or nondeductible items | | | 122 | | | | 0.2 | | | | Other | | | (174 | ) | | | (0.2 | ) | | | Effective Tax Rate | | $ | 11,308 | | | | 15.0 | | | F-43 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 18 - TAXES ON INCOME**(continued): | | g. | Uncertainty in Income Taxes | | ASC 740, Income Taxes requires significant judgment in determining what constitutes an individual tax position as well as assessing the outcome of each tax position. Changes in judgment as to recognition or measurement of tax positions can materially affect the estimate of the effective tax rate and consequently, affect the operating results of the Company. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to its tax contingencies as income tax expense. The following table summarizes the activity of the Company unrecognized tax benefits: | | | Year ended December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | Balance at Beginning of Year | | $ | - | | | $ | 11 | | | | Decrease in uncertain tax positions for the current year | | | - | | | | (11 | ) | | | Balance at End of Year | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | The Company does not expect unrecognized tax expenses to change significantly over the next 12 months. The Company is subject to U.S. Federal income tax examinations for the tax years of 2021 through 2025. The Subsidiary is subject to Israeli income tax examinations for the tax years of 2019 through 2025. | | h. | Valuation Allowance Rollforward | | | | | Year ended | | | | | | Balance at beginning of year | | | Additions (deductions) | | | Balance at end of year | | | | Allowance in respect of carryforward tax losses: | | | | | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, 2025 | | $ | 36,120 | | | $ | (7,737 | ) | | $ | 28,383 | | | | Year ended December 31, 2024 | | $ | 28,473 | | | $ | 7,647 | | | $ | 36,120 | | | **** F-44 **** **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **** **NOTE 19 - SEGMENT REPORTING**: The Companys Chief Executive Officer, serving as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), evaluates operational performance and makes resource allocation decisions based on net income (loss), which is reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company has determined that it operates in a single reportable segment, focused on research and development activities related to its proprietary products and technologies. The CODM monitors budgeted versus actual net income, using this measure to assess segment performance and guide financial planning, which is consistent with the financial statements. In addition to its research and development activities, the Company holds financial investments, including a material investment in Scilex, Hapisga and Alpha Tau, see note 4, note 7 and note 8. The CODM monitors these investments separately from operational performance. Income and expenses related to financial instruments are reported as financial income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, reflecting their distinct nature from core business operations. **NOTE 20 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:** | a. | Chief Scientific Officer | | On July 1, 2008, the Subsidiary entered into a consulting agreement with KNRY Ltd. (KNRY), an Israeli company owned by the Companys Chief Scientific Officer, whereby the Chief Scientific Officer, through KNRY, provides services to the Company (the Consulting Agreement). The Consulting Agreement is terminable by either party upon 140 days prior written notice. The Consulting Agreement, as amended, provides that KNRY will be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with performance of the Consulting Agreement. Effective as of July 1, 2024, the monthly consulting fee of the Chief Scientific Officer is NIS 134,550 ($40). Effective as of April 1, 2025, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with KNRY, whereby the Chief Scientific Officer, through KNRY, provides services as Chief Scientific Officer of the Company. The agreement is terminable by either party upon 140 days prior written notice. The agreement provides that KNRY will be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with performance of the agreement. The Chief Scientific Officer receives a monthly consulting fee of NIS 67,275 ($20). Pursuant to the agreement, KNRY and the Chief Scientific Officer each agree that during the term of the agreement and for a 12-month period thereafter, none of them will compete with the Company nor solicit employees of the Company. Effective as of January 1, 2026, monthly consulting fee of the Chief Scientific Officer is NIS 71,648 ($22). In addition, the Company, through the Subsidiary, has entered into an employment agreement with the Chief Scientific Officer, effective as of April 1, 2025, pursuant to which the Chief Scientific Officer receives a gross monthly salary of NIS 51,750 ($16) in consideration for her services as Chief Scientific Officer of the Subsidiary. In addition, the Chief Scientific Officer is provided with a phone and a company car pursuant to the terms of her agreement. Effective as of January 1, 2026, the gross monthly salary of the Chief Scientific Officer is NIS 55,114 ($17). F-45 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.** NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 20 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS**(continued): | b. | President and Chief Executive Officer | | Effective as of July 1, 2024, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Shnida Ltd. (Shnida), whereby the Companys President and Chief Executive Officer, through Shnida, provides services as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The agreement is terminable by either party upon 140 days prior written notice. The agreement provides that Shnida will be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with performance of the agreement. Effective as of January 1, 2024, the President and Chief Executive Officer receives a monthly consulting fee of NIS 111,349 ($34). Pursuant to the agreement, Shnida and the President and Chief Executive Officer each agree that during the term of the agreement and for a 12-month period thereafter, none of them will compete with the Company nor solicit employees of the Company. Effective as of January 1, 2026, the monthly consulting fee of the Chief Executive Officer is NIS 118,587 ($37). In addition, the Company, through the Subsidiary, has entered into an employment agreement with the President and Chief Executive Officer, effective as of July 1, 2024, pursuant to which, effective as of January 1, 2024, the President and Chief Executive Officer receives gross monthly salary of NIS 59,330 ($18) in consideration for his services as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Subsidiary. In addition, the President and Chief Executive Officer are provided with a phone and a company car pursuant to the terms of his agreement. Effective as of January 1, 2026, the gross monthly salary of the Chief Executive Officer is NIS 63,186 ($20). | | d. | Balances with related parties: | | | | | December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | Accounts payable and accrued expenses - Shnida | | $ | 380 | | | $ | 175 | | | | Accounts payable and accrued expenses - Miriam Kidron | | | 272 | | | | 154 | | | | Total payable to related parties | | $ | 652 | | | $ | 329 | | | F-46 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 20 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS** (continued): | | e. | Expenses to related parties: | | | | | Year ended December 31, | | | | | | 2025 | | | 2024 | | | | KNRY | | $ | 562 | | | $ | 563 | | | | Miriam Kidron (Chief Scientific Officer) | | | 150 | | | | - | | | | Shnida | | | 768 | | | | 514 | | | | Nadav Kidron (President and Chief Executive Officer) | | | 232 | | | | 297 | | | | Total expenses to related parties | | $ | 1,712 | | | $ | 1,374 | | | **** **NOTE 21 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:** **** | a. | 2023 Scilex Transaction and 2024 Refinancing | | In connection with Note 4, regarding the Tranche B Note, on January 7, 2026, the Company received a repayment from Scilex of $3,396 ($3,125 of the principal amount and $271 interest). On February 27, 2026, the Company received a payment of $395 from Scilex representing royalties owed for the three months ended December 31, 2025. | b. | Dividend | | In connection with Note 14, on January 22, 2026, the Company distributed a dividend in the amount of $10,061 to its shareholders. | c. | PSUs vested | | In connection with Note 15, during January 2026, the applicable market condition related to 166,000 PSUs previously granted to the Companys executive officers was satisfied. As a result, such PSUs vested in full. | d. | Nano | | Subsequent to December 31, 2025 and through March 26, 2026, the Company purchased an additional 6,401,939 ordinary shares of Nano for an aggregate purchase price of $12,308 and the Company sold 1,269,987 ordinary shares of Nano for aggregate proceeds of $2,606. Following these transactions, the Company holds an aggregate of 10,568,743 ordinary shares of Nano, representing approximately 5.02% of its outstanding share capital as of March 26, 2026. F-47 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 21 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS**(continued): | e. | Pelthos | | Subsequent to December 31, 2025 and through March 26, 2026, the Company sold 6,577 shares of Pelthos common stock for aggregate proceeds of $173. Following these sales, the Company hold 143,423 shares of Pelthos common stock. | f. | Lifeward | | In connection with note 9, on February 12, 2026, we agreed to provide Lifeward with an additional secured promissory note with an initial principal amount of $525, which may be increased by up to an additional $975, bearing interest at 24% per annum and secured by a lien on Lifewards cash. As of March 26, 2026, we had funded $1,025 under this additional note. The outstanding principal and accrued interest under the secured promissory notes are expected to be rolled into the Initial Notes issued under the Lifeward Notes Purchase Agreement described below. Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement On January 12, 2026, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement) with Lifeward and OraTech pursuant to which Lifeward agreed to acquire all of the outstanding equity interests of OraTech from the Company (Share Purchase Transaction). Prior to the closing, the Company transferred to OraTech all intellectual property and related assets relating to our POD (Protein Oral Delivery) technology platform, together with cash to fund the next planned clinical trial and related development activities. As a result, commencing on the closing date of March 25, 2026, research and development expenses will be borne by OraTech. In consideration for the acquisition of Oratech, Lifeward issued to us: (i) Lifeward Ordinary Shares and pre-funded warrants to purchase Lifeward Ordinary Shares representing up to 49.99% of Lifewards fully diluted equity capitalization at closing, subject to adjustments, representing less than 45.0% of the outstanding Lifeward Ordinary Shares at closing; (ii) warrants to purchase Lifeward Ordinary Shares equal to the quotient of Lifewards net cash at closing divided by an exercise price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026 (which adjusted the original exercise price of $0.45 per share), subject to adjustments (Share Purchase Warrants), and (iii) revenue-sharing payments equal to 4% of the net revenue from Lifewards ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton products and related extended warranties for up to 10 years following closing, subject to certain caps and early termination upon the occurrence of specified events. The closing of the Initial Notes was subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of Lifewards shareholders for the issuance of more than 19.99% of Lifeward Ordinary Shares in accordance with Nasdaq listing standards. Such shareholder approval was obtained on March 12, 2026. In connection with the transaction, Lifeward agreed to file a resale registration statement with the SEC covering the Lifeward Ordinary Shares issued in the transaction and those issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants and warrants described above as soon as practicable following closing, but no later than 75 days after closing, and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective within 75 days after closing (or 105 days in the event of a full SEC review). F-48 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 21 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS**(continued): | f. | Lifeward (continued): | | *Pre-Funded Warrants and Share Purchase Warrants* The Share Purchase Warrants will be immediately exercisable upon issuance at an initial exercise price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026 (which adjusted the original exercise price of $0.45 per share), and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The exercise price is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Pre-Funded Warrants will have an exercise price of $0.0012 per share (reflecting the reverse-split adjusted price of the original $0.0001 per share), subject to customary adjustments, and will remain exercisable until exercised in full. The Company may not exercise any portion of the Pre-Funded Warrants or Share Purchase Warrants to the extent that, after giving effect to such exercise, the Company and our affiliates would beneficially own more than 45.0% of the outstanding Lifeward Ordinary Shares. This limitation will automatically increase to 49.99% once (i) the Investors no longer hold any Notes and (ii) the Investors have sold all Note Shares issued or issuable upon conversion of the Notes and related warrants. The Company may increase the beneficial ownership limitation upon at least 61 days prior notice to Lifeward; provided that, for so long as certain Lifeward warrants outstanding as of the issuance date remain outstanding, any such increase will require Lifewards consent, which may not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. In connection with the execution of the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into a lock-up agreement for a period of 120 days after the Closing, without the prior written consent of Lifeward. ** F-49 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 21 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS**(continued): | f. | Lifeward (continued): | | *Clinical Trial Management Agreement* In connection with the Lifeward Share Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to entered into a clinical trial management (the Clinical Trial Management Agreement) with Oratech, pursuant to which the Company agreed to manage the clinical study of Oratechs investigational oral insulin capsule product (the Study), including providing clinical trial management and administrative services through study completion (the Services). In consideration for the Services, OraTech will reimburse to the Company for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred by the Company in providing the Services and payments made on behalf of OraTech to third parties and vendors, such as clinical sites, if applicable, subject to certain limitations and maximum payments as set forth in the Clinical Trial Management Agreement. The Clinical Trial Management Agreement will terminate upon completion of the Study unless earlier terminated in accordance with the terms set forth therein. Notes Securities Purchase Agreement On January 12, 2026, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the Lifeward Notes Purchase Agreement) with Lifeward and other investors pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase, in a private placement, up to $18,000 of senior secured convertible notes issued by Lifeward, together with accompanying warrants to purchase Lifeward Ordinary Shares. At the initial closing, which occurred on March 25, 2026, the Company agreed to purchase $9,000 aggregate principal amount of such notes (the Initial Notes). The Notes bear interest at 8% per annum, payable semi-annually, and mature three years from the date of issuance. The Notes are convertible into Lifeward Ordinary Shares at an initial conversion price of $5.40 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026 (which adjusted the original conversion price of $0.45 per share), subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Company also agreed to purchase an additional $9,000 aggregate principal amount of notes (the Additional Notes) and together with the Initial Notes (the Notes) together with accompanying warrants, on substantially the same terms as the Initial Notes. The closing of the Additional Notes is subject to customary closing conditions and either: (i) Lifeward achieving at least a 150% increase in ReWalk unit sales compared to the trailing twelve-month period immediately preceding the Additional Closing; or F-50 **ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC.**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In thousands (except share and per share data) **NOTE 21 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS**(continued): | f. | Lifeward (continued): | | (ii) the closing price of Lifeward Ordinary Shares equaling or exceeding $13.80 per share, reflecting Lifewards 12-for-1 reverse share split (which adjusted the original $1.15 threshold), for 10 consecutive trading days immediately prior to the Additional Closing. The closing of the Notes was subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of Lifewards shareholders for the issuance of more than 19.99% of Lifeward Ordinary Shares in accordance with Nasdaq listing standards. Such shareholder approval was obtained on March 12, 2026. In connection with the transaction, Lifeward agreed to file a resale registration statement with the SEC covering the Lifeward Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes and exercise of the related warrants within 30 days after the Initial Closing, and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have the registration statement declared effective within 45 days thereafter (or 75 days in the event of a full SEC review). Company is currently evaluating the accounting treatment of these transactions and the impact on its consolidated financial statements. | g. | Ruby Sapphire II Investment | | In connection with Note 13, on February 5, 2026, the Company had funded NIS 1,556 ($499) under this commitment. The Company is currently evaluating the accounting treatment of these transactions and the impact on its consolidated financial statements. **** | h. | Corner Ally Ventures | | On March 1, 2026, the Companys board approved the formation of Corner Ally Ventures (the Fund), a venture capital fund focused on investments in Israeli technology companies. The Company co-founded the Fund together with Corner Capital Management, LLC and, together with Ben Shapiro, is expected to serve as a general partner of the Fund and participate in its management and investment decision-making and may be entitled to a share of the Funds carried interest. The Company also expects to serve as an anchor limited partner and has committed to invest up to $40,000 in the Fund, which is expected to be funded over an anticipated four-year capital call period. The Funds initial closing, subject to a minimum capital commitment of $75,000, is expected to occur in the third quarter of 2026. The Company is currently evaluating the accounting treatment of this arrangement and the impact, if any, on its consolidated financial statements. **** | i. | RSU Grant | | On March 17, 2026, the Company granted an aggregate of 478,341 RSUs representing a right to receive shares of the Companys common stock to executive officers of the Company. The RSUs will vest in eight equal quarterly installments starting April 1, 2026. F-51 | (b) | Exhibits | | | 3.1 | | Composite Copy of Certificate of Incorporation, as amended as of January 22, 2013, corrected February8, 2013, as amended as of July 25, 2014, corrected September 5, 2017 and as further amended as of August 3, 2020 (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 24, 2020) | | | | | | | | 3.2 | | Fifth Amended and Restated By-laws, adopted effective March 27, 2025 (incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 27, 2025). | | | | | | | | 3.3 | | Fifth Amended and Restated By-laws, adopted effective March 27, 2025 (marked copy) (incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 27, 2025). | | | | | | | | 4.1 | | Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference from our registration statement on Form S-1 filed February 1, 2013). | | | | | | | | 4.2 | | Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 27, 2025). | | | | | | | | 4.3 | | Rights Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2025, between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 17, 2025). | | | | | | | | 4.4 | | Form of Pre-Funded Warrant. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2026). | | | | | | | | 4.5 | | Form of Share Purchase Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2026). | | | | | | | | 4.6 | | Form of Senior Secured Convertible Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2026). | | | | | | | | 4.7 | | Form of Purchase Agreement Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2026). | | | | | | | | 4.8 | | Form of February 2026 Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 20, 2026). | | | | | | | | 10.1+ | | Consulting Agreement by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Shnida Ltd., entered into as of November 1, 2022, for the services of Nadav Kidron (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2023). | | | | | | | | 10.2+ | | Amendment, dated December 31, 2025, to Consulting Agreement by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Shnida Ltd., entered into as of November 1, 2022, for the services of Nadav Kidron. | | | | | | | | 10.3+ | | Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Nadav Kidron, entered into as of November 1, 2022 (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2023). | | | | | | | | 10.4+ | | Amendment, dated April 27, 2023, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Nadav Kidron, entered into as of November 1, 2022 (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.5+ | | Amendment, dated January 8, 2024, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Nadav Kidron, entered into as of November 1, 2022 (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.6+ | | Amendment, dated November 7, 2024, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Nadav Kidron, entered into as of November 1, 2022 (incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 27, 2025). | | 74 | 10.7 | | Consulting Agreement by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of April 1, 2025, for the services of Miriam Kidron (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2025). | | | | | | | | 10.8 | | Amendment, dated April 1, 2025, to Consulting Agreements by and between Oramed Ltd. and KNRY, Ltd., entered into as of April 1, 2025, for the services of Miriam Kidron. | | | | | | | | 10.9+ | | Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Miriam Kidron, entered into as of April 1, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2025). | | | | | | | | 10.10 | | Amendment, dated December 31, 2025, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Miriam Kidron, entered into as of January 1, 2026. | | | | | | | | 10.11+ | | Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed August 6, 2019). | | | | | | | | 10.12+ | | Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. Amended and Restated 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed June 30, 2020). | | | | | | | | 10.13+ | | Amendment to Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. Amended and Restated 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed June 2, 2022). | | | | | | | | 10.14+ | | Form of Notice of Stock Option Award and Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed November 27, 2019). | | | | | | | | 10.15+ | | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2023). | | | | | | | | 10.16 | | Joint Venture Agreement, dated January 22, 2024, among Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Oramed Ltd., Hefei Tianhui Biotech Co., Ltd. and Technowl Limited (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed January 23, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.17 | | At the Market Offering Agreement, dated March 18, 2024, by and among the Company, Rodman & Renshaw LLC and StockBlock Securities LLC. (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed March 18, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.18 | | Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 21, 2023 by and between Scilex Holding Company and Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our current report on Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023). | | | | | | | | 10.19 | | Senior Secured Promissory Note, dated September 21, 2023 issued to Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. by Scilex Holding Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our current report on Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023). | | | | | | | | 10.20 | | Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 21, 2023, by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Scilex Holding Company (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023). | | | | | | | | 10.21 | | Subsidiary Guarantee, dated September 21, 2023, by and among Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Acquiom Agency Services LLC, Scilex Holding Company, and certain subsidiaries of Scilex Holding Company party thereto (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023). | | | | | | | | 10.22 | | Security Agreement, dated September 21, 2023, by and among Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Acquiom Agency Services LLC, Scilex Holding Company, and certain subsidiaries of Scilex Holding Company party thereto (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September 26, 2023). | | | | | | | | 10.23 | | Letter Agreement, dated as of September 20, 2024, by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Scilex Holding Company (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September 23, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.24 | | Master Services Agreement dated September 23, 2024, between Oramed Ltd. and InClin, Inc. (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed September 26, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.25 | | Securities Purchase Agreement, dated October 7, 2024, by and between Scilex Holding Company and the investors signatory thereto (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.26 | | Amendment No. 1 to Scilex-Oramed SPA, dated October 8, 2024, by and between Scilex Holding Company and Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | 75 | 10.27 | | Tranche B Senior Secured Convertible Note, dated October 8, 2024, issued by Scilex Holding Company to the Company (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.28 | | Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated October 8, 2024, issued by Scilex Holding Company to the Company (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.29 | | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated October 8, 2024, by and among Scilex Holding Company, Silex Pharmaceuticals Inc. and the purchasers signatory thereto (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.30 | | Security Agreement, dated October 8, 2024, by and among Scilex Pharmaceuticals Inc., and the purchasers signatory thereto (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.31 | | Subordination Agreement, dated October 8, 2024, by and among Scilex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Acquiom Agency Services LLC and other signatories thereto (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.32 | | Consent and Amendment, dated as of October 8, 2024, by and between Scilex Holding Company and Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.33 | | Subsidiary Guarantee Amendment, dated October 8, 2024, made by certain of Scilex Holding Company subsidiaries in favor of the holders of that certain Tranche A Note (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.34 | | Amended and Restated Security Agreement, dated October 8, 2024, by and among Scilex Holding Company, the Subsidiaries of Scilex Holding Company party thereto, Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Acquiom Agency Services LLC (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.35 | | Rest of World License Term Sheet, dated October 8, 2024, between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Scilex Holding Company and the other parties signatories thereto (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.36 | | Agreement Among Holders, dated October 8, 2024, by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Acquiom Agency Services LLC and the other signatories thereto (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2024). | | | | | | | | 10.37 | | Deferral and Consent under Tranche B Senior Secured Convertible Note, dated January 2, 2025, by and among Scilex Holding Company, Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., SCLX Stock Acquisition JV LLC and Acquiom Agency Services LLC (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed January 3, 2025). | | | | | | | | 10.38 | | Amendment to Senior Secured Promissory Note, dated January 21, 2025, by and among Scilex Holding Company, Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., and SCLX Stock Acquisition JV LLC (incorporated by reference from our current report on Form 8-K filed January 22, 2025). | | | | | | | | 10.39 | | Form of Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2025, by and between Oramed Ltd. and Alpha Tau Medical Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2025). | | | | | | | | 10.40* | | English Summary of Loan Agreement, dated March 24, 2025, by and among Oramed Ltd. and Tova Hochma Im Nachala Ltd., as Lenders, and Project Hapisga Telefoniot HaHadasha Ltd., as Borrower (originally executed in Hebrew; filed pursuant to Rule 306 of Regulation S-T). | | | | | | | 10.41* | | English Summary of Inter-Lender Agreement, dated March 24, 2025, by and between Oramed Ltd. and Tova Hochma Im Nachala Ltd. (originally executed in Hebrew; filed pursuant to Rule 306 of Regulation S-T). | | 76 | 10.42 | | Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Joshua Hexter, entered into as of August 18, 2019. | | | | | | | | 10.43 | | Amendment, dated September 19, 2021, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Joshua Hexter, entered into as of August 1, 2021. | | | | | | | | 10.44 | | Amendment, dated August 10, 2022, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Joshua Hexter, entered into as of July 1, 2022. | | | | | | | | 10.45 | | Amendment, dated April 27, 2023, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Joshua Hexter, entered into as of April 17, 2023. | | | | | | | | 10.46 | | Amendment, dated February 8, 2024, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Joshua Hexter, entered into as of January 1, 2024. | | | | | | | | 10.47 | | Amendment, dated November 7, 2024, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Joshua Hexter, entered into as of July 1, 2024. | | | | | | | | 10.48 | | Amendment, dated December 31, 2025, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Joshua Hexter, entered into as of January 1, 2026. | | | | | | | | 10.49 | | Consulting Agreement by and between Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Avi Gabay, entered into as of January 1, 2026, for the services of Avi Gabay. | | | | | | | | 10.50 | | Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Avi Gabay, entered into as of June 6, 2024. | | | | | | | | 10.51 | | Amendment, dated December 31, 2025, to Employment Agreement by and between Oramed Ltd. and Avi Gabay, entered into as of June 6, 2024. | | | | | | | | 10.52 | | Option Agreement for Repurchase of Warrants, dated July 22, 2025, between Scilex Holding Company and Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 23, 2025). | | | | | | | | 10.53 | | Share Repurchase Agreement, dated October 20, 2025, by and between the Company and Hefei Tianhui Biotech Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 24, 2025). | | | | | | | | 10.54 | | Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 12, 2026, by and among Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Oratech Pharma, Inc. and Lifeward Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2026). | | | | | | | | 10.55 | | Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 12, 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2026). | | | | | | | | 10.56 | | Form of Lock-Up Agreement, dated as of January 12, 2026 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2026). | | | | | | | | 10.57 | | Form of Clinical Trial Management Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2026). | | | | | | | | 10.58 | | Warrant Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2026, by and among Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Scilex Holding Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 20, 2026). | | 77 | 19.1 | | Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. Insider Trading Policy. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 19.1 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 27, 2025) | | | | | | | | 21.1* | | Subsidiaries. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 27, 2025) | | | | | | | | 23.1* | | Consent of Kesselman & Kesselman, Certified Public Accountants (Isr.), a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, an independent registered public accounting firm. | | | | | | | | 31.1* | | Certification Statement of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. | | | | | | | | 31.2* | | Certification Statement of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. | | | | | | | | 32.1** | | Certification Statement of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. | | | | | | | | 32.2** | | Certification Statement of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. | | | | | | | | 97.1 | | Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. Clawback Policy, adopted November 9, 2023 (incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 6, 2024). | | | | | | | | 101.1* | | The following financial statements from the Companys annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Loss, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail. | | | | | | | | 104.1* | | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). | | | * | Filed herewith. | | | ** | Furnished herewith. | | | + | Management contract or compensation plan. | | **** | | Certain exhibits and similar attachments to this agreement have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted exhibit or other attachment will be furnished supplementary to the SEC upon request. | | **ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.** **** None. 78 **SIGNATURES** Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. | | ORAMED PHARMACEUTICALS INC. | | | | | | | | /s/ Nadav Kidron | | | | Nadav Kidron, | | | | President and Chief Executive Officer | | | | | | | | Date: March 26, 2026 | | Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. | /s/ Nadav Kidron | | March 26, 2026 | | | Nadav Kidron, | | | | | President and Chief Executive Officer and Director | | | | | (principal executive officer) | | | | | | | | | | /s/ Avraham Gabay | | March 26, 2026 | | | Avraham Gabay, | | | | | Chief Financial Officer | | | | | (principal financial and accounting officer) | | | | | | | | | | /s/ Dr. Daniel Aghion | | March 26, 2026 | | | Dr. Daniel Aghion, | | | | | Director | | | | | | | | | | /s/ Miriam Kidron | | March 26, 2026 | | | Miriam Kidron, | | | | | Director | | | | | | | | | | /s/ Arie Mayer | | March 26, 2026 | | | Arie Mayer, | | | | | Director | | | | | | | | | | /s/ Yehuda Reznick | | March 26, 2026 | | | Yehuda Reznick, | | | | | Director | | | | | | | | | | /s/ Benjamin Shapiro | | March 26, 2026 | | | Benjamin Shapiro, | | | | | Director | | | | 79